Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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advanced
Information structure
Ý nghĩa
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Cách nhận biết
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Ví dụ
Từ
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Cụm từ
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Câu
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Góc nhìn theo ngôn ngữ
Trong ngôn ngữ của Bạn
Vietnamese (standard)
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Tầm quan trọng
Reported speech uses nói, bảo, kể, cho biết and optional rằng/là depending on register.
Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy mệt.
he say that he tired
Trong ngôn ngữ đang học
Japanese
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Độ khó
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Vấn đề thường gặp của người học
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.