Quoted / Reported Speech
Who said or thought it?
Ý nghĩa
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Cách nhận biết
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Ví dụ
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
he said that|she asked if|according to him
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Góc nhìn theo ngôn ngữ
Trong ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của Bạn
Reported speech uses nói, bảo, kể, cho biết and optional rằng/là depending on register.
Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy mệt.
he say that he tired
Trong ngôn ngữ Bạn đang học
English distinguishes direct and reported speech with reporting verbs, tense backshift, pronouns, and punctuation.
She said that she was tired.
reported clause = reported speech
Learners often struggle with tense shift, quote punctuation, and pronoun/time changes.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.