deficit
gb/dˈɛfəsɪt/ us/dˈɛfəsɪt/
B2
英语
~ 8400
költségvetési hiány, deficit, veszteség, hiány, lemaradás, károsodás, zavar
名词
B2
1
用法模式：
a [budget/trade] deficit of [amount]
The government is under pressure to cut the budget deficit before the next election.
A kormányra nyomás nehezedik, hogy a következő választások előtt csökkentse a költségvetési hiányt.
Last year the company reported a deficit of $2 million, forcing it to close two factories.
A vállalat tavaly 2 millió dolláros deficitről számolt be, ami miatt be kellett zárnia két gyárát.
Rising energy prices have widened the country's trade deficit with its major partners.
Higher tax revenues helped reduce the fiscal deficit to its lowest level in a decade.
If we continue to run a deficit at this rate, our national debt will grow quickly.
学习者例句
The government has a big budget deficit this year.
A kormánynak idén nagy a költségvetési hiánya.
The company made a deficit of one million dollars.
A vállalat egymillió dolláros veszteséget könyvelt el.
They are trying to reduce the deficit by cutting costs.
Because of the trade deficit, the country imports more than it exports.
New taxes were introduced to help close the budget deficit.
常见错误：
Learners often confuse 'deficit' with 'debt'. A 'deficit' is the amount by which spending is higher than income in a specific time period, while 'debt' is the total money owed after many years of deficits. Another mistake is saying 'much deficit' instead of 'a big/large deficit' or 'a deficit of $5 million'.
含义
amount that spending exceeds income
搭配
budget deficit
|trade deficit
|fiscal deficit
|current account deficit
|run a deficit
|reduce the deficit
近义词
shortfall (A general word for when an amount is less than what is needed or expected; not limited to money but often used for financial gaps.)
|
loss (Often used for businesses spending more than they earn in a period; less technical than 'deficit' and not usually used for governments.)
|
gap (A broad, informal term; can describe the difference between spending and income but is less precise than 'deficit'.)
反义词
surplus (The standard opposite in public finance; an amount by which income or exports are greater than spending or imports.)
|
profit (Opposite for a business or account over a period; focuses on income being greater than costs, not usually used for governments' overall budgets.)
主题
business
|economics
|politics
|finance
释义
The money amount by which someone, usually a government or company, spends more than it gets in a period of time.
An amount of money by which the spending of a government, organization, or account is greater than its income over a particular period.
名词
B2
2
用法模式：
a deficit of [something] / a deficit in [something]
The report warns of a serious skills deficit in the technology sector.
A jelentés komoly kompetenciahiányra figyelmeztet a technológiai szektorban.
Years of underinvestment have created a huge infrastructure deficit in rural areas.
Az évekig elmaradó beruházások hatalmas infrastrukturális lemaradást okoztak a vidéki térségekben.
Most adults suffer from a sleep deficit during the workweek.
There is a clear deficit of trust between the public and political leaders.
The charity was founded to address the education deficit faced by disadvantaged children.
学习者例句
I have a big sleep deficit after working all weekend.
Az egész hétvégi munka után nagy alváshiányom van.
There is a deficit of doctors in this small town.
Ebben a kisvárosban orvoshiány van.
The team has a deficit in communication skills.
Many schools face a deficit of money and teachers.
The country has a deficit of safe drinking water.
常见错误：
Learners sometimes use 'deficit' where 'difference' is better. A 'deficit' means there is not enough, not just that two numbers are different. For example, 'a height deficit' is odd in everyday speech; 'a height difference' is better. Also, 'deficit' is countable: say 'a deficit of trust', not just 'deficit of trust' without an article.
含义
amount missing from what is needed
搭配
sleep deficit
|skills deficit
|deficit of trust
|deficit of resources
|deficit in communication
|education deficit
近义词
shortage (Very common and general; describes not having enough of something but does not highlight the exact amount missing.)
|
lack (More general and less quantitative; focuses on something not being present or not being enough, without implying a measured amount.)
|
deficiency (Often slightly more formal or technical, especially for health, nutrition, or quality problems.)
反义词
abundance (Emphasizes having more than enough of something, the opposite of not having enough.)
|
surplus (Focuses on having extra beyond what is needed; often used when the amount can be measured.)
主题
general
|health
|work
|core_vocabulary
释义
The amount that is missing because there is not enough of something that is needed or expected.
An amount by which something is less than what is needed, expected, or considered normal.
名词
C1
TECHNICAL
3
用法模式：
a [cognitive/neurological] deficit in [ability]
Patients with this condition often show cognitive deficits, especially in memory and attention.
Az ilyen állapotban lévő betegeknél gyakran jelentkeznek kognitív deficitek, különösen a memória és a figyelem terén.
The scan revealed no neurological deficits following the minor stroke.
A vizsgálat az enyhe stroke után nem mutatott ki neurológiai deficitet.
Children with attention deficit may struggle to stay focused in class.
Early therapy can help reduce language deficits in young children.
The study found significant motor deficits in the group exposed to the toxin.
学习者例句
The child has an attention deficit and finds it hard to focus.
A gyermeknek figyelemzavara van, és nehezen tud összpontosítani.
After the accident, he had a speech deficit and needed therapy.
A baleset után beszédzavara volt, ezért terápiára volt szüksége.
Some patients show memory deficits after surgery.
The doctor tested her for any vision deficits.
Training can help people with small social skill deficits.
常见错误：
Learners sometimes use this medical sense in everyday contexts where it sounds too technical, for example saying 'I have a reading deficit' instead of 'I have trouble reading' or 'I am weak at reading'. In medical writing, 'deficit' usually appears with a modifier like 'cognitive', 'neurological', or 'attention'; using it alone can sound vague.
含义
impairment in mental or physical function
搭配
cognitive deficit
|attention deficit
|neurological deficit
|motor deficit
|deficit disorder
|deficit in social skills
近义词
impairment (Very close in meaning in medical and legal contexts; a general term for a reduced ability to function normally.)
|
disorder (Suggests a recognized medical or psychological condition, not just a reduced ability; broader and often more serious.)
|
disability (A strong term for a significant and often long-term limitation in activity or participation; not every 'deficit' counts as a disability.)
反义词
normal function (Describes the absence of a deficit, where mental or physical abilities work as expected.)
|
strength (Highlights an above-average ability, the opposite of a weakness or deficit in a particular area.)
主题
medicine
|psychology
|health
|body
释义
A clear problem or weakness in the way the mind or body works, compared to what is normal.
A measurable lack or impairment in a mental or physical ability when compared with what is considered normal or typical.
语法
词典原形
deficit
IPA
GB/dˈɛfəsɪt/
US/dˈɛfəsɪt/
音节与重音
de - fi - cit （3 个音节）
Stress on 1st syllable (de)
词形变化
Noun
- Base: deficit
- Plural: deficits
词族
Forms
deficits
noun
Core family
deficient
adjective B2
deficiency
noun B2
Negative and opposite forms
surplus
noun B2
相关表达
attention deficit
1/ətˈɛnʃən dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
reduced ability to focus attention
A problem where a person cannot stay focused on tasks as well as most people.
例句
- Children with attention deficit may have trouble following instructions.
- The study examined how attention deficit affects academic performance.
- Medication is sometimes used to treat attention deficit in severe cases.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1/ətˈɛnʃən dˈɛfəsɪt hˌaɪpɚæktˈɪvɪti dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
ADHD medical condition
A medical condition, often in children, where a person has strong problems with paying attention, sitting still, and controlling actions.
例句
- Her son was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at the age of eight.
- Teachers received training on how to support students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is often treated with a mix of medication and therapy.
budget deficit
1/bˈʌd͡ʒɪt dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
when government spends more than it gets
The money amount by which a government spends more than it receives in taxes and other income in a given time.
例句
- The finance minister promised to halve the budget deficit within three years.
- Economists warned that the growing budget deficit could lead to higher interest rates.
- To reduce the budget deficit, the government cut spending on several major programs.
current account deficit
1/kˈɚənt əkˈaʊnt dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
shortfall on a country’s external account
The money amount by which a country pays more to other countries than it receives from them for trade and other flows in a period.
例句
- A large current account deficit can put pressure on a country’s currency.
- The report highlighted a narrowing current account deficit over the past year.
- Foreign investment helped to finance the current account deficit.
deficit spending
1/dˈɛfəsɪt spˈɛndɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
government spending more than income
When a government spends more money than it gets and borrows to pay for the extra spending.
例句
- The government defended deficit spending as necessary to boost the economy.
- Critics argue that long-term deficit spending will increase the national debt.
- During recessions, many countries turn to deficit spending to support jobs.
democratic deficit
1/dˌɛməkɹˈætɪk dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
formal
lack of sufficient democracy or representation
A problem in a political system where people do not have as much real power or voice as they should in a democracy.
例句
- Critics argue that the organization suffers from a serious democratic deficit.
- Reforms were proposed to address the democratic deficit within the union’s institutions.
- Low voter turnout is often seen as a sign of a democratic deficit.
fiscal deficit
1/fˈɪskəl dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
technical
overall government financial shortfall
The total amount by which a government’s spending is higher than its income in a financial year.
例句
- The country aims to keep the fiscal deficit below three percent of GDP.
- A high fiscal deficit can undermine investor confidence.
- International lenders demanded a plan to cut the fiscal deficit.
run a deficit
1/ɹˈʌn ə dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
have spending exceed income
To spend more money than you receive during a period, especially as a government or organization.
例句
- The city has been running a deficit for the past five years.
- If we continue to run a deficit, we will eventually have to raise taxes.
- The charity cannot afford to run a deficit on this project.
sleep deficit
1/slˈip dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
not getting enough sleep over time
The missing hours of sleep when someone regularly sleeps less than they need.
例句
- Many workers build up a large sleep deficit during the week.
- A chronic sleep deficit can harm your health and mood.
- He used the weekend to recover from his sleep deficit.
trade deficit
1/tɹˈeɪd dˈɛfəsɪt/
fixed phrase
when imports are greater than exports
The money amount by which a country buys more from other countries than it sells to them in a certain time.
例句
- The country's trade deficit with its largest partner reached a record high last year.
- A shrinking trade deficit can be a sign of a stronger export sector.
- New tariffs were introduced in an effort to reduce the trade deficit.