Who feels, perceives or knows
Who feels, notices, or knows it?
المعنى
Someone can feel, perceive, want, or know something without carrying out an action. This participant is the one who has the feeling, perception, desire, or knowledge. Languages may make this person the subject, mark them like a recipient or object, or use no special marker for the role. Unlike Doer or cause, this person need not choose or control what happens.
طريقة التعرّف عليه
Ask who has the feeling, perception, desire, or knowledge, even if something else is the subject.
في اللغة الأم
Arabic has no single marker for the person who feels, perceives, or knows something. With verbs such as aḥabba 'like' and ʿarafa 'know,' that person is the subject. With aʿjaba 'please,' the person is an object, while the pleasing thing is the subject.
أُحِبُّ الْقَهْوَةَ. (Uḥibbu al-qahwata.)
The verb form identifies the speaker as the person who likes something.
يُعْجِبُنِي هَذَا الْكِتَابُ. (Yuʿjibunī hādhā al-kitābu.)
The book is the subject; the attached pronoun -nī identifies the person it pleases.
في اللغة قيد التعلم
The person who feels, perceives, or knows something is often the English subject, before the verb. With verbs such as bother or surprise, that person can instead be the object, after the verb. The verb and its usual partners determine the pattern.
I like this song.
The person who likes the song is the subject.
Anna knows the answer.
The noise bothers him.
The person who feels bothered is the object, not the subject.
Learners whose language names the person in a recipient-like phrase may reverse the roles when using verbs such as like. Learners whose language expresses bodily feelings through different patterns may translate those patterns word for word instead of using phrases such as My head hurts.