Evidence / Source Signal
How does the speaker know?
المعنى
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
طريقة التعرّف عليه
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
أمثلة
apparently|I heard|it seems|they say
I heard that|apparently true|it looks like
Apparently, the train is late.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
Evidence choices: seen -> direct I heard -> heard they say -> reported it seems -> inferred apparently -> indirect
نظرة على اللغة
في اللغة الأم
Arabic has ways to mark hearsay, inference, or report source, but evidence source is not grammatically required.
يبدو أن الخبر صحيح.
It seems that the news is true.
في اللغة قيد التعلم
English has lexical evidential signals such as apparently, reportedly, I heard that, but no broad obligatory evidential system.
Apparently, he left early.
apparently = evidence/source signal
Learners may not distinguish direct knowledge from reported information in formal writing.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.