Subordinate clause
Which part of the sentence depends on another part?
المعنى
One part of a sentence can depend on another to say what someone knows, which thing is meant, or why something happens. This lets us build several linked ideas into one sentence. Languages can mark this link with joining words, special verb forms, or word order, and some do not use a separate joining word. Unlike Addition, the parts do not have equal jobs: one supports or completes the other.
طريقة التعرّف عليه
Look for a smaller message that completes or adds information to another part of the sentence rather than standing as an equal statement.
في اللغة الأم
Arabic uses ʾanna to introduce a statement within another sentence and ʾan before another action after verbs such as want. These linking words affect the form of the following noun or verb. A relative clause, which describes a noun, uses a matching word such as alladhī or allatī with an identifiable noun, often with an attached pronoun referring back to that noun.
أَعْرِفُ أَنَّ الْمَتْجَرَ مَفْتُوحٌ. (ʾaʿrifu ʾanna al-matjara maftūḥun.)
Anna introduces a statement and gives the following noun an -a ending.
أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَرْتَاحَ قَلِيلًا. (ʾurīdu ʾan ʾartāḥa qalīlan.)
An introduces the wanted action; the following verb ends in -a.
الْحَقِيبَةُ الَّتِي اشْتَرَيْتُهَا أَمْسِ خَفِيفَةٌ. (al-ḥaqībatu allatī ishtaraytuhā ʾamsi khafīfatun.)
Allatī matches the feminine noun, and -hā refers back to the bag as the object of bought.
في اللغة قيد التعلم
English often starts a subordinate clause, a sentence part that depends on another, with a word such as that, because, if, or who. In a question used inside a larger sentence, the subject normally comes before the verb, as in where Emma lives. That can often be left out after verbs such as think, but joining words are not generally optional.
I think the store is closed.
This part tells what the speaker thinks; that could be added before the store.
Do you know where Emma lives?
The inside question uses Emma lives, not does Emma live.
The man who lives next door has a small dog.
This part describes which man is meant.
Learners whose language keeps question word order inside another sentence may use does she live instead of she lives after where. Learners whose language requires a linking word may add that before a question word such as where.