shaft
gb/ʃˈæft/ us/ʃˈæft/
B1
英語
~ 8600
nyél, szár, akna, fénysugár, odaszúrás, csípős megjegyzés, kitolás, kiszúrás, átver, kitol, lehúz, megdug, megbasz, fasz, pénisz szára
名詞
B1
1
用法パターン：
the shaft of [a tool/club/arrow]
He replaced the broken shaft of his hammer with a new wooden one.
A kalapács törött nyelét új fanyélre cserélte.
The arrow’s shaft snapped when it hit the wall.
A nyílvessző szára kettétört, amikor a falnak csapódott.
She gripped the shaft of the golf club and took a practice swing.
The steel shaft connects the motor to the wheels.
The broom’s shaft was too long to fit in the closet.
学習者向け例文
He cleaned the long shaft of the shovel.
Megtisztította a lapát hosszú nyelét.
The boy held the shaft of the fishing rod tightly.
A fiú szorosan fogta a horgászbot szárát.
The arrow has a sharp tip and a long shaft.
This golf club has a very light shaft.
The metal shaft under the car turns the wheels.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse "shaft" with "staff". "Shaft" is usually the long part of an object (like a tool or arrow), while "staff" is a stick used for walking or as a symbol of office, or a group of employees.
意味
long narrow handle or rod
コロケーション
golf club shaft
|wooden shaft
|steel shaft
|axe shaft
|arrow shaft
|drive shaft
類義語
handle (Focuses on the part held by the hand, not always long and narrow.)
|
rod (Any straight bar or stick; less tied to being the main part of a specific tool.)
対義語
head (Refers to the working or striking end of a tool, the opposite part from the shaft.)
テーマ
objects
|technology
|construction
|core_vocabulary
|work
定義
The long, thin part of something, like the handle of a tool or the main part of a golf club or arrow.
The long, narrow, usually cylindrical part of an object, such as the handle of a tool or the main body of a club, arrow, or similar item.
名詞
B2
2
akna
B1
用法パターン：
a [mine/elevator/ventilation] shaft
The miners descended deep into the earth through a narrow shaft.
A bányászok egy szűk aknán ereszkedtek le mélyen a földbe.
An open elevator shaft can be extremely dangerous on a construction site.
Egy nyitott liftakna rendkívül veszélyes lehet egy építkezésen.
Fresh air was brought into the tunnel through a ventilation shaft.
They discovered the hidden room behind an old brick shaft in the basement.
Rescue teams lowered equipment down the mine shaft to reach the trapped workers.
学習者向け例文
The elevator moves up and down in a tall shaft.
A lift egy magas liftaknában mozog fel és le.
Workers went down the mine shaft to get coal.
A munkások lementek a bányaaknába, hogy szenet bányásszanak.
Light came into the building through an air shaft.
They looked down the deep shaft but could not see the bottom.
The old shaft was no longer safe to use.
よくある間違い：
Learners may describe any tunnel as a "shaft". A shaft is usually more narrow and more vertical than a typical horizontal tunnel.
意味
vertical tunnel or passage
コロケーション
mine shaft
|elevator shaft
|ventilation shaft
|air shaft
|lift shaft
|shaft collapse
類義語
tunnel (A more general term; not necessarily vertical and often larger and longer.)
|
well (Usually a vertical shaft for water; more specific purpose than "shaft".)
対義語
solid wall (A continuous structure with no passage through it, the opposite of an opening like a shaft.)
テーマ
construction
|transport
|science
|work
|housing
定義
A narrow, usually straight hole or tunnel that goes up or down in the ground or a building, for example for a mine or an elevator.
A narrow, usually vertical or steeply inclined passage going down into the ground or up through a building, used for things like mines, elevators, or ventilation.
名詞
B2
3
fénysugár
B1
用法パターン：
a shaft of [light/sunlight]
A shaft of light fell through the curtains and lit up the floor.
Egy fénysugár szűrődött be a függönyön át, és megvilágította a padlót.
Dust danced in the narrow shaft of sunlight coming through the window.
Por táncolt az ablakon beáradó keskeny fénysugárban.
The cave was almost black except for a single shaft of light from above.
She stood in a shaft of moonlight, her face just visible.
The door opened, sending a bright shaft of light into the dark hallway.
学習者向け例文
A shaft of light came in through the small window.
Egy fénysugár jött be a kis ablakon.
He saw tiny dust in the shaft of sunlight.
Apró porszemeket látott a napsugárban.
The room was dark, but a shaft of light showed the table.
A shaft of moonlight fell on her bed.
When he opened the door, a shaft of light entered the room.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say "line of light" or "stripe of light" instead of the more natural "shaft of light" or "beam of light" in this context.
意味
narrow beam of light
コロケーション
shaft of light
|shaft of sunlight
|shaft of moonlight
|golden shafts of sun
|a single shaft of light
類義語
beam (General word for a line of light; not as strongly associated with coming through a small opening.)
|
ray (Often smaller or more abstract; used more broadly for light or figurative hope.)
対義語
darkness (The absence of light, which a shaft of light cuts through.)
テーマ
nature
|visual
|weather
|science
定義
A thin line or beam of light, especially when it comes into a dark room through a small space.
A narrow beam or streak of light, especially one coming through a small opening into a darker place.
名詞
C1
4
odaszúrás
B2
用法パターン：
a shaft of [wit/sarcasm/criticism]
Her speech was full of subtle shafts aimed at her critics.
A beszéde tele volt a bírálóinak címzett finom odaszúrásokkal.
He could not resist a quick shaft of sarcasm about the new policy.
Nem tudott ellenállni egy gyors, gúnyos odaszúrásnak az új intézkedéssel kapcsolatban.
The reviewer’s shafts about the actor’s performance were unusually harsh.
Each joke carried a little shaft of criticism under the laughter.
His remark was less a compliment than a well-aimed shaft.
学習者向け例文
He made a small shaft at his boss during the meeting.
Az értekezleten tett egy apró odaszúrást a főnökére.
Her joke sounded funny, but it was also a shaft at her friend.
A poénja viccesnek hangzott, de egyben csípős megjegyzés is volt a barátjára.
The writer is known for sharp shafts in his articles.
That comment was a clear shaft against the new manager.
She laughed, but the shaft in his words hurt her.
よくある間違い：
Learners may not recognize this sense and may think "shaft" always refers to a physical object. In this meaning, it is a metaphor for a sudden, sharp remark.
意味
sharp or cutting remark
コロケーション
a shaft of wit
|a shaft of sarcasm
|a cruel shaft
|a bitter shaft
|a shaft directed at [someone]
類義語
barb (Very close in meaning, but often suggests a more obviously hurtful or pointed remark.)
|
dig (Informal; a casual, slightly hidden critical comment.)
対義語
compliment (A positive remark of praise, the opposite of a sharp, critical shaft.)
テーマ
communication
|emotions
|social
定義
A short comment that is clever but also unkind or very critical.
A brief, often witty remark that is sharply critical, sarcastic, or hurtful.
名詞
C1
INFORMAL
5
用法パターン：
get the shaft / give [someone] the shaft
He really got the shaft when they promoted someone with less experience.
Nagyon kitoltak vele, amikor egy nála kevésbé tapasztalt embert léptettek elő.
Fans felt they got the shaft when ticket prices doubled overnight.
A rajongók úgy érezték, jól kitoltak velük, amikor a jegyárak egyik napról a másikra megduplázódtak.
She gave him the shaft after years of loyal work, firing him without warning.
Many employees think they’re getting the shaft with the new schedule.
The small suppliers worry they will get the shaft in any merger.
学習者向け例文
He felt he got the shaft when he lost his job.
Úgy érezte, kitoltak vele, amikor elvesztette az állását.
The workers said they got the shaft with the new rules.
A munkások azt mondták, hogy az új szabályokkal kitoltak velük.
She gave him the shaft after he helped her for years.
Fans think they got the shaft because the prices went up.
I do not want to get the shaft in this deal.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say "receive a shaft" or "have a shaft" instead of the fixed informal phrases "get the shaft" or "give someone the shaft".
意味
unfair or harsh treatment
コロケーション
get the shaft
|give someone the shaft
|really got the shaft
|feel like you got the shaft
|a raw shaft
類義語
raw deal (Very close informal expression; clearly highlights being treated unfairly.)
|
injustice (More formal and general; covers legal and moral unfairness, not just personal feelings.)
対義語
fair deal (Informal phrase for treatment that is reasonable and just, the opposite of "the shaft".)
テーマ
social
|work
|emotions
|relationships
|business
定義
Unfair or very bad treatment, especially when someone feels cheated.
Unfair, harsh, or dishonest treatment, especially when someone feels they have been cheated or badly treated.
動詞
C1
INFORMAL
6
用法パターン：
to shaft [someone]
He felt the company had shafted him by cutting his bonus.
Úgy érezte, a cég kitolt vele azzal, hogy megvágta a bónuszát.
They totally shafted their customers with hidden fees.
Teljesen lehúzták az ügyfeleiket a rejtett díjakkal.
She worries that her landlord will shaft her on the deposit.
If we shaft our suppliers now, they won’t trust us later.
The players claimed they were shafted in the contract negotiations.
学習者向け例文
He thinks the boss shafted him on his pay.
Úgy gondolja, hogy a főnöke átverte a fizetésével.
The shop shafted many people with high prices.
A bolt sok embert lehúzott a magas áraival.
She was shafted when they changed the deal.
We do not want to shaft our clients.
They got shafted by a bad lawyer.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes use "shaft" in very formal writing where a more neutral verb like "treat unfairly" or "cheat" is better. "Shaft" is informal and suits speech or casual writing.
意味
treat or cheat unfairly
コロケーション
shaft someone out of [money/opportunity]
|really shaft someone
|feel shafted
|get shafted by [someone/company]
|shaft your employees
類義語
cheat (General; focuses more on dishonesty than on the emotional sense of being badly treated.)
|
screw over (Very similar informal phrase; slightly more vulgar and emotional.)
対義語
treat fairly (Describes giving someone just and reasonable treatment, the opposite of shafting them.)
テーマ
social
|work
|business
|emotions
|finance
|relationships
定義
To treat someone very unfairly, especially by cheating them or not keeping a promise.
To treat someone in an unfair, dishonest, or very unkind way, especially by cheating them or breaking an agreement.
動詞
C2
VULGAR
7
用法パターン：
to shaft [someone]
He bragged crudely about shafting three women on holiday.
Durván azzal hencegett, hogy a nyaraláson három nőt is megdugott.
That song’s lyrics are basically just about him wanting to shaft her.
Annak a dalnak a szövege lényegében csak arról szól, hogy meg akarja dugni azt a nőt.
They joked about him trying to shaft every girl at the party.
学習者向け例文
In this movie, the men talk about shafting women, which is rude.
Ebben a filmben a férfiak nők megdugásáról beszélnek, ami durva.
The word "shaft" for sex is vulgar and can offend people.
A „shaft” szó szexuális értelemben vulgáris, és sértő lehet.
You should not say you want to shaft someone in polite talk.
よくある間違い：
Learners may not realize this use is vulgar and use it in polite conversation. It should generally be avoided except when understanding jokes, movies, or rude speech.
意味
have sex with (vulgar)
コロケーション
shaft some girl/guy
|just want to shaft her
|getting shafted by him
|talk about shafting someone
類義語
screw (A very common vulgar verb for having sex; similar tone, often a bit more common than "shaft".)
対義語
abstain (Means to not have sex or avoid sexual activity; opposite behavior to this verb.)
テーマ
sex
|slang
|emotions
|relationships
|body
定義
To have sex with someone, said in a rude or crude way.
To have sexual intercourse with someone; used crudely or aggressively, often from a male point of view.
名詞
C2
VULGAR
8
fasz
C1
pénisz szára
B2
The book used explicit language to describe his shaft.
A könyv trágár szavakkal írta le a faszát.
Some song lyrics talk graphically about a man’s shaft.
Egyes dalszövegek kendőzetlenül beszélnek egy férfi faszáról.
That website contains drawings that clearly show the shaft of the penis.
学習者向け例文
You may see the word "shaft" for penis in adult books or movies.
A „shaft” szót a pénisz vulgáris megnevezéseként felnőtteknek szóló könyvekben vagy filmekben láthatod.
Talking about someone’s shaft is very rude.
Valakinek a faszáról beszélni nagyon durva.
Do not use the word "shaft" for penis in normal conversation.
よくある間違い：
Learners may not realize this is a vulgar term and may confuse it with the neutral physical sense of "shaft" meaning a rod or handle. Context and tone are very important.
意味
penis (vulgar, esp. main part)
コロケーション
his shaft
|the thick shaft
|stroke his shaft
|bare shaft
類義語
dick (Very common vulgar term for penis; more general and widely used than "shaft".)
対義語
vulva (External female genitalia; opposite sex organ in a basic male–female contrast.)
テーマ
sex
|slang
|body
|health
定義
A rude word for the main part of a penis.
A vulgar term for a penis, especially the long main part of it, not including the tip.
文法
辞書形
shaft
IPA
GB/ʃˈæft/
US/ʃˈæft/
音節・強勢
shaft （1音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (shaft)
活用形
Noun
- Base: shaft
- Plural: shafts
Verb
- Base: shaft
- 3rd Person Singular: shafts
- Present Participle: shafting
- Past: shafted
関連語
Forms
shafts
noun
shafting
verb
shafted
verb
表現
drive shaft
1/dɹˈaɪv ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
rotating rod carrying power
A long metal rod in a car or machine that turns and carries power from the engine to the wheels or other moving parts.
例文
- The mechanic said the noise was coming from a worn drive shaft.
- A broken drive shaft can stop the car from moving.
elevator shaft
1/ˈɛləvˌeɪtɚ ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical space for an elevator
The tall, narrow space in a building where the elevator goes up and down.
例文
- Workers were repairing cables in the elevator shaft.
- An open elevator shaft must be blocked off for safety.
get the shaft
1/ɡˈɛt ðə ʃˈæft/
idiom
informal
be treated very unfairly
To be treated in a very unfair, bad, or dishonest way, especially in work or business.
例文
- He got the shaft when they fired him just before his bonus was due.
- Many customers felt they got the shaft after the company raised its prices without warning.
give someone the shaft
1/ɡˈɪv sˈʌmwˌʌn ðə ʃˈæft/
idiom
informal
treat someone very unfairly
To treat a person in a very unfair or dishonest way, often after they trusted you.
例文
- After all his hard work, the company gave him the shaft and hired someone else.
- She felt her friends gave her the shaft when they went on holiday without telling her.
lift shaft
1/lˈɪft ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical space for a lift
The tall, narrow space in a building where the lift (elevator) goes up and down. Used mainly in British English.
例文
- The new building has a glass lift shaft on the outside wall.
- They checked the lift shaft for any loose cables.
mine shaft
1/mˈaɪn ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
vertical tunnel in a mine
A deep, narrow tunnel that goes down into the ground so miners can reach coal, gold, or other things underground.
例文
- The old mine shaft was closed after the accident.
- They sent equipment down the mine shaft to help the trapped workers.
shaft of light
1/ʃˈæft əv lˈaɪt/
fixed phrase
narrow beam of light
A thin beam of light that comes into a darker place, often through a small opening.
例文
- A shaft of light came through the clouds and lit the hill.
- Dust floated in the shaft of light from the open door.
ventilation shaft
1/vˌɛntɪlˈeɪʃən ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
vertical passage for airflow
A long, usually vertical hole or passage that lets air go in and out of a tunnel, mine, or other closed space.
例文
- Fresh air entered the tunnel through a narrow ventilation shaft.
- The miners escaped by climbing up the old ventilation shaft.
ventilation shaft
2/vˌɛntɪlˈeɪʃən ʃˈæft/
fixed phrase
technical
vertical passage for air flow
A narrow passage in a building, tunnel, or mine that lets fresh air in or bad air out.
例文
- Smoke poured out of the ventilation shaft on the roof.
- The rescue team lowered cameras through a ventilation shaft.