E07
extended
Speaker stance
Certainty
Certainty Signal
How sure is the speaker?
intermediate
Epistemic modality
Evidential adverb
Stance marker
Betekenis
A signal of certainty, probability, doubt, assumption, hearsay, inference, or confidence.
Zo herken je het
Look for words like certainly, probably, maybe, apparently.
Voorbeelden
Woorden
certainly|probably|maybe|apparently|surely
Zinnen
probably true|maybe later|apparently finished
Voorbeeldzin
She is probably at home.
Visual guide
Basic shape
claim: She is at home.
^
certainty layer:
how sure is speaker?
maybe -> probably -> certainly
low mid high
Compare shape
Where can E07 live? adverb: probably particle: maybe modal verb: MOD + verb verb/mood: CERT-form same job: confidence
Taaloverzicht
In je moedertaal
Nederlands
Aanwezigheid
medium
Belang
Certainty is lexical and modal; Dutch does not require evidential grammar.
Hij zal wel thuis zijn.
He shall probably home be.
In de taal die je leert
Engels
Aanwezigheid
strong
Moeilijkheidsgraad
English certainty is expressed with modals, adverbs, stance verbs, and intonation.
She must be at home.
must = strong inference/certainty
Veelvoorkomend struikelpunt
Learners often confuse epistemic must/may/might with obligation or permission meanings.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.