Case / Suffix Sticker
What sign sticks to the word?
ਅਰਥ
A visible marker attached to a word that shows role, relation, number, tense, person, case, direction, or other grammatical function.
ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪਛਾਣਣਾ ਹੈ
Look for small endings that change the word's role or meaning.
ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ
-s|-ed|-ing|case endings|plural endings
dogs|walked|house's
The teacher corrected the students' essays.
Visual guide
word + suffix sticker --------------------- dog + -s -> dogs walk + -ed -> walked house + 's -> house's ending = grammar signal
Same job, different coding no ending: dog (context) word: plural marker + dog suffix: dog + -s -> dogs many endings can encode: role, number, time, person
ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਝਲਕ
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮੂਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
Case-like relations are encoded by postpositions and oblique forms, including ਨੇ, ਨੂੰ, ਤੋਂ, ਵਿੱਚ, ਉੱਤੇ.
ਰਾਮ ਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਫੁੱਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ।
Ram ERG Sita to flower gave.
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਸਿੱਖੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
English has very little case marking, mainly in pronouns and possessive forms.
She saw him.
he/him = limited case marking in pronouns
Learners from case-rich languages may expect noun endings; learners from case-poor languages may still confuse he/him.
Usually lighter in your learning language
Do not over-transfer this pattern from your own language. It is often less explicit in your learning language.