F07
extended
Information structure
Hidden elements
Hidden / Omitted Element
What is not said but understood?
intermediate
Ellipsis
Zero subject
Pro-drop
Implicit argument
Ý nghĩa
A participant, verb, object, pronoun, connector, or meaning that is left unsaid because context or grammar supplies it.
Cách nhận biết
Ask what the listener understands even though it is not spoken.
Ví dụ
Từ
understood subject|missing verb|omitted object
Cụm từ
Want some?|See you later|Coming?
Câu
Coming with us?
Visual guide
Basic shape
Spoken: Coming with us? Understood: [Are you] coming with us? Hidden element: subject + helper supplied by context
Compare shape
Silent slots vary: Subject: [you] coming? Helper: [do you] want some? Copula: price [is] high Object: I know [it] Some languages allow Ø; others must say it.
Góc nhìn theo ngôn ngữ
Trong ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của Bạn
Việt
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Tầm quan trọng
Subjects, objects and even pronouns are often omitted when recoverable from context.
Ăn chưa?
eat not-yet
Trong ngôn ngữ Bạn đang học
Anh
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Độ khó
English often omits recoverable words in conversation, coordination, and short answers.
I can come if you can.
second can = hidden verb phrase
Vấn đề thường gặp của người học
Learners may either omit too much or repeat everything unnaturally.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.