D04
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Instrument Link
With what means?
intermediate
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
含义
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
如何识别
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
示例
单词
with|by|using|through
短语
with a key|by bus|using the app
句子
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
中文
显性程度
strong
重要程度
Instrument links commonly use 用 yòng or related coverb-like expressions before the main verb.
他用手机付款。
tā yòng shǒujī fùkuǎn = he use phone pay
在所学语言中
英语
显性程度
strong
学习难度
英语通常用 with 表示具体工具，用 by 表示方式或手段（如 by email、by hand），也可用 using 表示“使用……”。
He opened it with a key.
with a key 表示工具/手段：He 用 a key 打开了 it。
常见易错点
学习者可能混淆 with 和 by，尤其在被动式或类似被动的表达中；也可能把中文“用”一律翻成 with。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.