F03
booster
Information structure
Scope
Scope Lamp
What does this marker apply to?
intermediate
Scope
Operator
Focus-sensitive particle
含义
The range affected by a word or marker such as not, only, also, all, every, already, still, almost, or even.
如何识别
Move the marker mentally and observe what meaning changes.
示例
单词
only|also|not|all|every|almost|still
短语
only Anna|not all|almost finished
句子
Only John saw Mary.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Scope = lit area
Only [John] saw Mary
^^^^
only applies here
Meaning:
John, not others,
saw Mary.
Compare shape
Move the lamp: Only [John] saw Mary = subject in scope John only [saw Mary] = whole event in scope John saw only [Mary] = object in scope
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
中文
显性程度
strong
重要程度
Scope depends on the position of words such as 只, 都, 也, 不, 没, and 就, so movement can change meaning.
我只喝茶。
wǒ zhǐ hē chá = I only drink tea
在所学语言中
英语
显性程度
strong
学习难度
英语中 only、even、also、all、not、almost 等词的影响范围很依赖位置、重音和语境；位置变化常会改变意思。
Only John saw Mary.
Only 的作用范围在 John 上：意思是只有 John 看见了 Mary，不是别人看见了她。
常见易错点
学习者可能把 only、also、not 放在不合适的位置，导致意思改变，或让人不清楚它修饰哪一部分。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.