Das Leben vor der modernen Technik

by Vocafy Geprüft

Englisch (USA) B2 12 Fragen History & culture

Von Papierkarten bis zu Bahnhofsuhren: Entdecke, wie ältere Hilfsmittel Arbeit, Reisen und Kommunikation prägten.

1. 1. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   What was the role of the road signs?

   Before satellite navigation, a driver used a paper map and road signs to follow an unfamiliar route.

   • To help the driver match the surroundings to the map.
   • To update the printed map whenever a road changed.
   • To automatically adjust the mapped route when traffic increased.

   Think about how the driver knew which town or intersection they had reached.

   Show solution

   • To help the driver match the surroundings to the map.

   Signs provided names and directions that drivers could compare with their maps. The drivers still had to track their own progress.

2. 2. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Womit verband die Telefonnummer den Anrufer hauptsächlich?

   A family's landline phone rang inside their home. Whoever was there could answer, but a family member who was out could not.

   • A person wherever they traveled.
   • A particular home.
   • The public telephone closest to the family.

   Überlege, was an einem Ort blieb.

   Show solution

   • A particular home.

   Die Festnetznummer eines Haushalts war an einen Ort gebunden und nicht an ein Gerät, das jemand bei sich trug.

3. 3. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Wie konnte ein Leser Bücher über Gartenarbeit finden, ohne Titel oder Autoren zu kennen?

   Library catalogs once used drawers of cards organized by author, title, or subject. The cards gave details about books and their shelf locations.

   • Look through the author cards for the librarian's name.
   • Look through the title cards for a shelf number.
   • Look through the subject cards under gardening.

   Der Leser kennt das Thema, aber kein bestimmtes Buch.

   Show solution

   • Look through the subject cards under gardening.

   Schlagworteinträge boten eine Möglichkeit, Bücher nach Themen zu finden. Digitale Kataloge nutzen noch immer dieses grundlegende Ordnungsprinzip.

4. 4. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Welchen praktischen Vorteil bot Kohlepapier?

   An office typist placed carbon paper between sheets. Pressing a typewriter key then left a mark on more than one sheet.

   • Copies could be made while the original was being typed.
   • Errors could be removed from every sheet without retyping.
   • The document could reach another office as soon as it was typed.

   Konzentriere dich darauf, was mit den Blättern unter dem obersten Blatt geschah.

   Show solution

   • Copies could be made while the original was being typed.

   Durch Druck wurden die Markierungen auf die darunterliegenden Blätter übertragen, wodurch ein separater Kopierschritt entfiel. Kohlepapier versandte keine Dokumente und korrigierte Fehler nicht automatisch.

5. 5. Fülle die Lücke aus.

   Before electric motors, some factories powered their machinery with waterwheels. These factories depended on ___ to keep the wheels turning.

   • steady winds
   • flowing water
   • burning coal

   Denk an die Kraft, die das Rad antrieb.

   Show solution

   Before electric motors, some factories powered their machinery with waterwheels. These factories depended on flowing water to keep the wheels turning.

   Fließendes Wasser lieferte die Energie. Der Zugang zu geeigneten Flüssen beeinflusste daher, wo diese Fabriken gebaut wurden.

6. 6. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Wie würde sich das auf einen Reisenden auswirken, der eine Weiterreise plant?

   On long voyages, sailing ships depended heavily on wind. Calm weather could delay a ship even when its crew was ready to sail.

   • They could predict arrival from the distance alone.
   • They could treat the advertised arrival time as guaranteed.
   • They would need to allow extra time between connections.

   Überlege, ob der Reisende mit einer genauen Ankunftszeit rechnen konnte.

   Show solution

   • They would need to allow extra time between connections.

   Zusätzliche Zeit verringerte das Risiko, den nächsten Abschnitt einer Reise zu verpassen. Die Windverhältnisse machten die Fahrpläne von Segelschiffen weniger vorhersehbar.

7. 7. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Welche Art von Nachricht förderte diese Preisgestaltung?

   Telegraph services commonly charged senders by the word. News could travel quickly, but longer telegrams cost more.

   • A brief message containing the essential details.
   • A detailed message with plenty of background.
   • A message that repeated each point for emphasis.

   Jedes zusätzliche Wort erhöhte die Kosten.

   Show solution

   • A brief message containing the essential details.

   Absender ließen oft Grußformeln und zusätzliche Details weg. Die Herausforderung bestand darin, sich kurz zu fassen, ohne dass wichtige Inhalte verloren gingen.

8. 8. Fülle die Lücke aus.

   A photographer took pictures on film, with no digital preview. To check whether the finished pictures were sharp, the photographer usually had to wait until ___.

   • the camera had been turned off
   • the lens had been cleaned
   • the film had been developed

   Ein Foto aufzunehmen und es ansehen zu können, waren getrennte Schritte.

   Show solution

   A photographer took pictures on film, with no digital preview. To check whether the finished pictures were sharp, the photographer usually had to wait until the film had been developed.

   Film musste entwickelt werden, bevor die Ergebnisse normalerweise betrachtet werden konnten. Probleme wurden möglicherweise erst erkennbar, nachdem die Gelegenheit, ein Foto erneut aufzunehmen, bereits verstrichen war.

9. 9. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

   Was musste außerdem geschehen, damit die Buchführung korrekt blieb?

   A bookkeeper recorded sales figures and totals in a paper ledger. When a sales figure was corrected, the written totals stayed unchanged.

   • Only the date beside the corrected sale had to be changed.
   • Any totals affected by the correction had to be recalculated.
   • The unchanged totals had to be copied onto a fresh page.

   Überlege, bei welchen Berechnungen der ursprüngliche Wert verwendet wurde.

   Show solution

   • Any totals affected by the correction had to be recalculated.

   Papier hält fest, was jemand aufschreibt; es aktualisiert keine damit verbundenen Berechnungen. Eine Tabellenkalkulation kann dies tun, wenn ihre Formeln richtig eingerichtet sind.

10. 10. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

    Welche Veränderung bei der Kontrolle über die Arbeit wird dadurch veranschaulicht?

    Many home-based weavers organized their work around household routines. In factories, workers shared a workplace and followed hours set by the employer.

    • Workers gained more freedom to choose individual starting times.
    • Workers could fit factory production entirely around household tasks.
    • Employers gained more control over workers' daily schedules.

    Achte darauf, wer entschied, wann die Arbeit begann und endete.

    Show solution

    • Employers gained more control over workers' daily schedules.

    Arbeitspläne in Fabriken halfen dabei, Arbeitskräfte und Maschinen zu koordinieren, verringerten aber oft die individuelle Kontrolle über den Arbeitstag.

11. 11. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

    Why did railways encourage the use of a shared standard time?

    Towns once set their clocks by the local position of the sun. Railways connected towns, so one journey could involve several slightly different local times.

    • To coordinate departures and arrivals across towns.
    • To make noon match the sun's position exactly in every town.
    • To make every train depart at the same moment.

    Think about a timetable covering more than one town.

    Show solution

    • To coordinate departures and arrivals across towns.

    A shared time system made schedules easier to understand and compare. It did not mean that every train left together or that every town had the same solar noon.

12. 12. Wähle die richtige Antwort aus.

    What does this comparison tell us about accuracy?

    A printed newspaper usually had to wait until the next edition to publish a correction. An online report can be corrected much sooner.

    • A report that can be edited needs less checking before publication.
    • Faster correction does not guarantee that the original report is accurate.
    • Editing a report ensures that all its earlier readers learn about the correction.

    Separate the ability to fix an error from the ability to avoid one.

    Show solution

    • Faster correction does not guarantee that the original report is accurate.

    Technology can speed up corrections, but checking facts remains important. People who saw the original report may never return to read the corrected version.