D03
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Recipient Link
To whom does it go or for whom is it intended?
intermediate
Dative
Indirect object
Benefactive
معنا
The grammatical link that connects an event or object to a recipient, addressee, or beneficiary.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Look for the person who receives, hears, gets, or benefits.
نمونهها
واژهها
to me|for you|her|the customer
عبارتها
give it to me|tell Anna|cook for us
جمله
I sent her a message.
Visual guide
Basic shape
EVENT + THING → RECIPIENT send + message → her "I sent her a message." Recipient gets/hears/benefits Ask: to whom? for whom?
Compare shape
Recipient shapes: Preposition: give it to me Bare object: tell Anna Dative case: Anna-DAT tell Benefactive: cook for us Same link: target person
نمای زبان
در زبان مادری شما
فارسی
میزان حضور
strong
اهمیت
Recipient and beneficiary relations use به, برای and verb-specific patterns.
برای او غذا پختم.
for him/her food cooked-I.
در زبانی که یاد میگیرید
انگلیسی
میزان حضور
strong
دشواری
English uses to/for or double-object constructions to express recipients and beneficiaries.
She sent a message to me.
to me = recipient link
چالش رایج زبانآموزان
Learners may confuse 'to' and 'for' or choose the wrong object order.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.