Spotlight / Focus
What is the most important new information?
معنا
The part of the message that carries the main emphasis, contrast, correction, or answer to the current question.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask which part would be stressed or corrected in context.
نمونهها
only|even|it was|not X but Y
it was Anna who|ANNA did it|only Peter
Anna bought the book, not Peter.
Visual guide
Message = background + focus Who bought the book? background: bought the book FOCUS: Anna Anna bought the book. = Anna, not Peter
Same focus, many shapes Stress: ANNA did it Cleft: it was Anna who... Particle: only Peter Contrast: not X but Y Word order/focus slot may mark it Task: find the spotlight
نمای زبان
در زبان مادری شما
Focus can be shown through stress, fronting, particles such as فقط, or context.
من این کتاب را خریدم.
I this book RA bought.
در زبانی که یاد میگیرید
English uses stress, cleft sentences, fronting, and context to mark focus.
It was John who called.
John = focused information
Learners may use word order alone where English would use stress, clefts, or clearer wording.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.