Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
advanced
advanced
Information structure
معنا
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
نمونهها
واژهها
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
عبارتها
he said that|she asked if|according to him
جمله
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
نمای زبان
در زبان شما
Persian (Farsi, standard Iranian)
میزان حضور
strong
اهمیت
Reported speech commonly uses گفت که, with less automatic tense shifting than English.
گفت که خسته است.
said that tired is.
در زبان در حال یادگیری
Japanese
میزان حضور
strong
دشواری
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
چالش رایج زبانآموزان
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.