Quoted / Reported Speech
Who said or thought it?
معنا
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
نمونهها
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
he said that|she asked if|according to him
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
نمای زبان
در زبان مادری شما
Reported speech commonly uses گفت که, with less automatic tense shifting than English.
گفت که خسته است.
said that tired is.
در زبانی که یاد میگیرید
English distinguishes direct and reported speech with reporting verbs, tense backshift, pronouns, and punctuation.
She said that she was tired.
reported clause = reported speech
Learners often struggle with tense shift, quote punctuation, and pronoun/time changes.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.