Evidence / Source Signal
How does the speaker know?
अर्थ
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
इसे कैसे पहचानें
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
उदाहरण
apparently|I heard|it seems|they say
I heard that|apparently true|it looks like
Apparently, the train is late.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
Evidence choices: seen -> direct I heard -> heard they say -> reported it seems -> inferred apparently -> indirect
भाषा व्यू
आपकी भाषा में
Hindi has reportative and inferential phrases, but not a mandatory evidential grammar system.
सुना है कि वह दिल्ली गया।
Heard is that he went to Delhi.
सीखी जा रही भाषा में
Japanese has useful hearsay and inference markers, though not a mandatory evidential system.
電車が遅れているそうです。
I hear that the train is late.
Learners may confuse そうだ for hearsay with そうだ for appearance.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.