Speaker stance
Evidence source
Evidence / Source Signal
How does the speaker know?
अर्थ
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
इसे कैसे पहचानें
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
अपनी मातृभाषा में
हिंदी
Hindi has reportative and inferential phrases, but not a mandatory evidential grammar system.
सुना है कि वह दिल्ली गया।