Quoted / Reported Speech
Who said or thought it?
अर्थ
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
इसे कैसे पहचानें
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
उदाहरण
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
he said that|she asked if|according to him
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
भाषा व्यू
अपनी मातृभाषा में
Reported speech often uses कहना + कि; tense backshift is not the same as in English.
उसने कहा कि वह आएगा।
He said that he will come.
आपकी सीखी जा रही भाषा में
अंग्रेज़ी में direct speech और reported speech को reporting verbs, tense में बदलाव, pronouns और punctuation से अलग दिखाया जाता है।
She said that she was tired.
that she was tired = she ने क्या कहा, यह बताने वाला reported clause।
सीखने वालों को tense shift, quotation marks, और pronoun/time words जैसे she, I, today, that day में बदलाव में कठिनाई हो सकती है।
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.