Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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advanced
Information structure
अर्थ
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
इसे कैसे पहचानें
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
उदाहरण
शब्द
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
वाक्यांश
he said that|she asked if|according to him
वाक्य
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
भाषा व्यू
आपकी भाषा में
Hindi (standard)
मौजूदगी
strong
महत्व
Reported speech often uses कहना + कि; tense backshift is not the same as in English.
उसने कहा कि वह आएगा।
He said that he will come.
सीखी जा रही भाषा में
Japanese
मौजूदगी
strong
कठिनाई
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
सीखने वालों की आम चुनौती
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.