Actor / Source
Who or what starts the event?
Significado
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
Como identificar
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
Exemplos
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
the teacher explains|the wind opens
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
Visão do idioma
No seu idioma
Actors usually appear before the verb, but subjects can be omitted when clear; Brazilian speech often uses explicit pronouns.
A Maria trabalha.
Maria works.
No idioma em estudo
Actors are often nominative and reflected in verb agreement; explicit subjects can be omitted when the verb is enough.
كتب الطالب الدرس.
The student wrote the lesson.
Learners may rely only on word order and miss agreement or nominative marking.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.