A07
extended
Scene core
Participant roles
Instrument / Mediator
With what or through what does it happen?
intermediate
Instrumental
Instrument
Means
Significado
The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.
Como identificar
Ask what tool or channel makes the action possible.
Exemplos
Palavras
knife|phone|car|email|hand
Frases
with a knife|by email|through the app
Frase
He cut the bread with a knife.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Actor │ uses ▼ Instrument / mediator │ makes possible ▼ Action He cut bread with a knife.
Compare shape
Same role, different shapes: with a knife (preposition) knife-CASE (case ending) by email (medium) through the app (channel) hand + cut (bare/compound) Ask: with/through what?
Visão do idioma
No seu idioma nativo
Português
Presença
strong
Importância
Instruments and means are usually introduced with com, por, de, or fixed lexical patterns.
Ele cortou o pão com uma faca.
He cut the bread with a knife.
No seu idioma de aprendizado
Inglês
Presença
strong
Dificuldade
English usually expresses instruments with prepositions, especially with.
She cut the bread with a knife.
with a knife = instrument
Dificuldade típica de quem aprende
Learners may choose the wrong preposition or omit the instrument marker.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.