Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
advanced
advanced
Information structure
Význam
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Jak to poznat
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Příklady
Slova
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Fráze
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Věta
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Pohled podle jazyka
Ve Vašem jazyce
Japanese
Výskyt
strong
Důležitost
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
V jazyce, který se učíte
Korean (South Korean standard)
Výskyt
strong
Obtížnost
Reported speech uses quotation endings such as -다고, -라고, -냐고, -자고 before a reporting verb.
그가 온다고 했어요.
He said that he is coming.
Typická potíž při učení
Learners often omit the correct quotation ending or use one form for statements, questions, and commands.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.