Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
advanced
advanced
Information structure
Bedeutung
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
So erkennst Du es
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Beispiele
Wörter
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Ausdrücke
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Satz
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Sprachansicht
In deiner Sprache
German (standard)
Ausprägung
strong
Bedeutung
Reported speech may use dass clauses or Konjunktiv I in formal writing.
Er sagte, er komme später.
He said he come-subjunctive later.
In deiner Lernsprache
Japanese
Ausprägung
strong
Schwierigkeit
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Typische Lernhürde
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.