Mostrando 12 de 83 blocos de linguagem

Actor / Source

Subject Agent Causer
basic Scene core #1
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Actors usually appear before the verb, but subjects can be omitted when clear; Brazilian speech often uses explicit pronouns.

A Maria trabalha.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

In basic English clauses, the actor is usually before the verb and can trigger subject-verb agreement.

She opened the door.

Action / Event

Verb Predicate Event
basic Scene core #2
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

The event is centered on a conjugated verb, often supported by auxiliaries, periphrases, or reflexive se.

As crianças brincam lá fora.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English events are centered on verbs, often supported by auxiliaries for tense, aspect, voice, or questions.

The children are playing.

Target / Affected One

Object Patient Theme Direct object
basic Scene core #3
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Direct objects usually follow the verb; formal writing may use object clitics, while Brazilian speech often uses full nouns, stressed pronouns, or omission.

Eu vejo a Maria.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English usually identifies the affected target by position after the verb, with pronoun case still visible in forms like him and her.

The dog bit the man.

Thing / Participant

Noun Noun phrase Pronoun
basic Scene core #4
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Brazilian Portuguese participants are usually noun phrases or pronouns with articles, gender, and number marking.

o professor

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English participants are usually expressed as noun phrases or pronouns, often with articles and number marking.

The small dog is sleeping.

State / Existence

Stative predicate Existential Copula Predicate adjective
basic Scene core #5
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

States use ser, estar, ficar, ter, haver, existir, and other stative constructions.

A sala está calma.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English usually requires the verb 'be' for states, locations, existence, and many descriptions.

There is a problem.

Identity / Classification

Copular clause Predicate nominal Classification
basic Scene core #6
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Identity and classification mostly use ser; professions often appear without an indefinite article.

Ela é médica.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English identity and classification commonly use 'be', often with an article before singular count nouns.

She is a doctor.

basic Scene core #7
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Topics can be fronted or resumed with pronouns, especially in spoken Brazilian Portuguese.

Esse livro, eu já li.

Inglês Status: medium
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English has topic-comment patterns, but ordinary subject-verb-object order is more common than strong topic marking.

This book, I really enjoyed.

Recipient / Beneficiary

Indirect object Recipient Benefactive Dative
intermediate Scene core #8
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Recipients are commonly marked with para or a; formal or written language may use indirect object clitics.

Ela deu um livro para o Paulo.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English marks recipients with double-object order or with prepositions such as to and for.

I gave her a book.

Experiencer / Perceiver

Experiencer Dative subject Psychological subject
intermediate Scene core #9
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Experiencer meanings use different frames: gostar de, ter medo de, doer, interessar, and reflexive forms.

Eu gosto de música.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English often puts the experiencer as the subject, but some patterns use objects or prepositional phrases.

I like music.

Instrument / Mediator

Instrumental Instrument Means
intermediate Scene core #10
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Instruments and means are usually introduced with com, por, de, or fixed lexical patterns.

Ele cortou o pão com uma faca.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English usually expresses instruments with prepositions, especially with.

She cut the bread with a knife.

Time Point / Time Span

Time adverbial Temporal phrase
basic Context #11
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Time is expressed with adverbs, prepositional phrases, dates, and article-based expressions.

Nós nos vimos ontem.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English uses time adverbs and prepositions such as at, on, in, for, and since to locate events in time.

I arrived at six yesterday.

Time Direction / Tense

Tense Temporal reference
basic Context #12
Português Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

Tense is marked by verb forms and auxiliaries; Brazilian Portuguese often uses ir plus infinitive for future.

Ela vai ligar amanhã.

Inglês Status: strong
Relevância: Dificuldade:

English finite verbs normally show present or past tense; future is usually expressed with auxiliaries or context.

She worked yesterday.

Que bom ver você de novo!

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