D04
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Instrument Link
With what means?
intermediate
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
Significado
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
Como identificar
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
Exemplos
Palavras
with|by|using|through
Frases
with a key|by bus|using the app
Frase
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
Visão do idioma
No seu idioma nativo
Português
Presença
strong
Importância
Instrument links are usually prepositional, especially com, por, de, or por meio de.
Ela abriu a porta com uma chave.
She opened the door with a key.
No seu idioma de aprendizado
Inglês
Presença
strong
Dificuldade
English typically marks instruments with with, by, or using.
He opened it with a key.
with a key = instrument link
Dificuldade típica de quem aprende
Learners may confuse with and by, especially in passive-like contexts.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.