Explora cómo la música se relaciona con los recuerdos personales, favorece el aprendizaje e influye en las emociones, y por qué sus beneficios dependen de la situación.
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Questions with solutions-
1. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué tipo de recuerdo le trae la canción?
A song reminds Lena of a family road trip from years ago. Her family often played it in the car during that trip.
- A memory of how to perform a skill.
- A memory of a personal experience.
- A memory of a general fact.
Piensa si ella recuerda un suceso, una habilidad o información.
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- A memory of a personal experience.
Los sonidos pueden servir como señales que nos hacen recordar momentos específicos de nuestras vidas.
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2. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cómo podría el patrón musical ayudar a Mina a recordar?
Mina puts four packing steps into a short song. Each step fits one line, and the rhythm repeats.
- It gives the steps a regular structure.
- It makes the order of the steps unimportant.
- It removes the need to practice the steps.
Considera qué aporta el patrón repetido a la lista.
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- It gives the steps a regular structure.
Un patrón predecible también puede hacer que sea más fácil notar cuando falta una parte.
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3. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué característica hace que esta experiencia sea un “earworm”?
A chorus keeps returning to Sam's mind while he cooks, even when he tries to think about something else.
- He deliberately practices the song's complete lyrics.
- He remembers exactly where he first heard the song.
- The music repeats without a deliberate effort to recall it.
Fíjate si Sam está tratando de recordar la música.
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- The music repeats without a deliberate effort to recall it.
Las melodías que se quedan en la mente suelen consistir en un breve fragmento musical en lugar de una canción completa.
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4. Elige la respuesta correcta.
What does Eva's second attempt add?
After learning a chorus, Eva sings along with the recording. Then she turns the recording off and tries singing it again.
- A chance to recognize the words as the recording plays.
- A chance to recall the words without hearing them.
- A chance to hear the singer's pronunciation more clearly.
What source of help is no longer available?
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- A chance to recall the words without hearing them.
Trying to remember without a model can reveal gaps that singing along hides.
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5. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué sonido de fondo tiene menos probabilidades de competir con las palabras del informe?
Songs with clear lyrics require attention to language, just as written sentences do. Dev needs to edit a report carefully.
- A quiet setting without music.
- A favorite song with clearly sung lyrics.
- An unfamiliar song with clearly sung lyrics.
Piensa en fuentes de lenguaje que compiten entre sí.
Show solution
- A quiet setting without music.
La música no siempre distrae, pero las letras de las canciones pueden competir con una tarea que también implica palabras.
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6. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Por qué dormir normalmente podría ser la mejor opción?
Nico has practiced a new song carefully. He can either get a full night's sleep or stay up very late replaying it.
- Sleep removes the need for any later practice.
- Sleep teaches him lyrics he has not yet heard.
- Sleep can support memory after learning.
El aprendizaje sigue procesándose después de que termina la práctica.
Show solution
- Sleep can support memory after learning.
Durante el sueño, el cerebro puede ayudar a estabilizar los recuerdos formados mientras estábamos despiertos.
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7. Completa el espacio en blanco.
During the same word-learning activity, background music reduces one person's recall but makes no clear difference to another's. This shows that music ___.
- improves recall for both listeners
- can affect listeners differently
- has the same effect on both listeners
Compara los dos resultados en lugar de suponer que son iguales.
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During the same word-learning activity, background music reduces one person's recall but makes no clear difference to another's. This shows that music can affect listeners differently.
Las preferencias y la familiaridad pueden influir en las reacciones a la música de fondo, por lo que la experiencia de una persona no es una regla para todos.
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8. Completa el espacio en blanco.
A person with dementia still sings familiar songs but struggles to remember recent conversations. This suggests that ___.
- some musical memories can remain available
- singing has restored the person's recent memories
- musical memories are never affected by dementia
Distingue entre una capacidad conservada y una recuperación completa.
Show solution
A person with dementia still sings familiar songs but struggles to remember recent conversations. This suggests that some musical memories can remain available.
Los distintos tipos de memoria pueden verse afectados de maneras diferentes. Una respuesta a la música no es evidencia de que la enfermedad se haya revertido.
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9. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué demuestra esto sobre los recuerdos emocionales?
A song brings back a powerful memory of a graduation. The memory feels extremely clear, but some details differ from family photos.
- They lose their emotional force whenever a detail is wrong.
- Their clarity guarantees that every detail is accurate.
- They can feel vivid without being fully accurate.
¿La sensación de certeza es lo mismo que la exactitud?
Show solution
- They can feel vivid without being fully accurate.
La emoción puede hacer que una experiencia sea memorable sin que todos los detalles se conserven correctamente.
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10. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué seguimiento sería más útil para distinguir el efecto de la música del efecto del estado de ánimo?
Imagine an experiment in which students recall more words after cheerful music than after silence. The music group also reports a better mood.
- Use a longer playlist of equally cheerful songs.
- Add a nonmusical activity that improves mood by a similar amount.
- Play the same cheerful songs at a higher volume.
¿Cómo podría mejorar el estado de ánimo sin que hubiera música?
Show solution
- Add a nonmusical activity that improves mood by a similar amount.
Si una mejora similar del estado de ánimo sin música produce un beneficio similar, el estado de ánimo puede ayudar a explicar el resultado.
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11. Elige la respuesta correcta.
Which conclusion is justified?
A survey finds that adults who play instruments score higher on a memory test. It does not account for earlier memory ability or differences in education.
- Playing an instrument is linked to higher scores in this survey.
- Playing an instrument caused the higher scores.
- Education cannot have influenced the scores.
A connection between two things does not necessarily mean that one caused the other.
Show solution
- Playing an instrument is linked to higher scores in this survey.
People who take up music may already differ from other people before their musical training begins.
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12. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué respalda este hallazgo?
After practicing short melodies, a group improves at recognizing melodies. Its scores on a separate word-memory test remain unchanged.
- Melody practice caused a decline in word memory.
- Better melody recognition proves stronger memory in everyday life.
- The group improved on the music task without a demonstrated benefit for word memory.
Limita la conclusión a las capacidades que realmente se evaluaron.
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- The group improved on the music task without a demonstrated benefit for word memory.
La mejora en una tarea no se transfiere automáticamente a un tipo diferente de memoria.