Tecnología que suena a ciencia ficción
Descubre tecnologías reales que parecen casi imaginarias, desde los hogares inteligentes hasta la cirugía asistida por robots y los cohetes reutilizables.
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Questions with solutions-
1. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cuál es el propósito principal de esta función?
Some phones use invisible light to make a 3D map of a person's face before unlocking.
- To brighten photos taken in the dark.
- To check who is using the phone.
- To record a video of the person's expressions.
Piensa en por qué un celular podría permanecer bloqueado.
Show solution
- To check who is using the phone.
Un mapa facial 3D mide la forma de una cara, no solo una imagen plana.
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2. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cómo pasa la energía de la base al celular?
A phone rests on a wireless charging pad. The pad has a power cable, but no cable connects it to the phone.
- Through a magnetic field.
- Through light from the phone's screen.
- Through sound waves from a speaker.
El celular debe permanecer cerca de la base.
Show solution
- Through a magnetic field.
Las bobinas de alambre dentro de la base y del celular ayudan a transferir energía a corta distancia.
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3. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Qué te permite comprobar la aplicación?
A furniture app shows your room through the phone's camera and adds a digital couch to the view.
- How comfortable the real couch feels.
- How much weight the real couch can hold.
- How the couch might look in your room.
Show solution
- How the couch might look in your room.
La realidad aumentada agrega objetos digitales a una vista del mundo real.
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4. Elige la respuesta correcta.
What is the main job of this technology?
Two travelers speak different languages. Their earbuds use online translation software to translate their conversation as they talk.
- To teach both travelers a new language instantly.
- To help the travelers understand each other.
- To make both travelers' voices sound identical.
Show solution
- To help the travelers understand each other.
Background noise and unclear speech can make live translation less accurate.
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5. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Por qué es útil el mapa de la habitación?
A robot vacuum uses sensors to build a map of the rooms. It uses that map while cleaning.
- To plan a route and avoid cleaning the same spots repeatedly.
- To measure how much charge is left in its battery.
- To measure how much dust is inside its container.
Piensa en cómo desplazarse por la casa.
Show solution
- To plan a route and avoid cleaning the same spots repeatedly.
El mapa también puede ayudar a la aspiradora a encontrar el camino de regreso a su estación de carga.
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6. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cómo fabrica la impresora la pieza?
A workshop sends a digital design to a 3D printer. The printer builds a replacement part from plastic.
- By cutting the shape from one solid block.
- By pouring plastic into a ready-made mold.
- By adding material one layer at a time.
Show solution
- By adding material one layer at a time.
Modificar el diseño digital puede cambiar la siguiente pieza sin fabricar un molde nuevo.
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7. Elige la respuesta correcta.
How could this help in a meeting room?
A glass wall switches from clear to cloudy when an electric current is turned on or off. Light still passes through, but people cannot see clearly through it.
- It could block all daylight so people can watch a video.
- It could give privacy without making the room dark.
- It could give people a clearer view into the room.
Notice that light can still enter.
Show solution
- It could give privacy without making the room dark.
This kind of smart glass spreads light in different directions instead of blocking it completely.
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8. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cuál es la principal ventaja del dron aquí?
A clinic sends blood samples to a lab by delivery drone. Floodwater has blocked the road between them.
- It can reach the lab without using the blocked road.
- It can test the blood samples during the flight.
- It keeps the samples safe at any temperature.
Piensa en el trayecto, no en el trabajo del laboratorio.
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- It can reach the lab without using the blocked road.
Los envíos médicos siguen necesitando un embalaje seguro y condiciones de almacenamiento adecuadas.
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9. Elige la respuesta correcta.
Why do these conditions make it easier for a train to run without a driver?
Some metro trains run without a driver. They follow fixed tracks, and access to those tracks is controlled.
- The train can leave the tracks to avoid delays.
- The train no longer needs any safety monitoring.
- The train faces fewer unexpected situations than a car on public roads.
Show solution
- The train faces fewer unexpected situations than a car on public roads.
Road vehicles must also deal with pedestrians and traffic coming from many directions.
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10. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Por qué podría un médico usar esta cápsula con cámara?
A patient swallows a small capsule with a camera inside. It travels through the digestive system and sends pictures to a recorder.
- To remove damaged tissue without surgery.
- To view parts of the intestine that a larger camera tube cannot easily reach.
- To collect blood samples directly from inside the intestine.
Piensa en lo que puede hacer una cámara sin cortar ni recolectar nada.
Show solution
- To view parts of the intestine that a larger camera tube cannot easily reach.
Una cápsula con cámara toma fotografías, pero no puede tomar muestras de tejido como algunos otros instrumentos médicos.
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11. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿En qué se diferencia esto de simplemente aumentar el volumen de los sonidos?
A cochlear implant collects sound with a microphone. It changes sound into electrical signals that stimulate the hearing nerve.
- It sends sound information to the hearing nerve through electrical signals.
- It repairs the ear so it works like an undamaged ear.
- It allows hearing without a working hearing nerve.
Show solution
- It sends sound information to the hearing nerve through electrical signals.
Por lo general, las personas necesitan práctica para comprender las nuevas señales sonoras de un implante.
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12. Elige la respuesta correcta.
¿Cómo controla la persona esta mano artificial?
Sensors detect activity in a person's remaining arm muscles. The artificial hand uses those signals to open and close its fingers.
- By giving spoken commands to the fingers.
- By letting the hand read thoughts directly from the brain.
- By tightening muscles in the remaining part of the arm.
Show solution
- By tightening muscles in the remaining part of the arm.
Los sensores detectan la actividad muscular; una batería suministra la energía que mueve la mano.
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13. Elige la respuesta correcta.
Who decides how the tools move during this operation?
During robot-assisted surgery, a surgeon sits at the controls. The surgeon's hand movements guide small tools inside the patient's body.
- The robot, without a person's input.
- The surgeon using the controls.
- A program replaying an earlier operation.
Show solution
- The surgeon using the controls.
The robot helps make precise movements, but it does not replace the surgeon's decisions.
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14. Elige la respuesta correcta.
What should a user understand about this technology?
In some rehabilitation centers, people use powered frames around their legs. Motors help them practice standing and walking with trained staff.
- It provides movement support, not a guaranteed cure.
- It repairs damaged nerves as soon as it turns on.
- It allows safe walking immediately without training or support.
Physical help and medical recovery are not the same thing.
Show solution
- It provides movement support, not a guaranteed cure.
A powered exoskeleton supports the body from the outside. Helping someone move does not necessarily fix the cause of their condition.
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15. Elige la respuesta correcta.
How does this landing method affect fuel use during launch?
Some rocket boosters return to Earth and land upright using their engines. They must keep some fuel for the return trip so they can land safely and be used again.
- All the fuel can be burned on the way up.
- No fuel is needed until the booster starts returning.
- Some fuel must be saved instead of being used on the way up.
The engines have work to do during both parts of the journey.
Show solution
- Some fuel must be saved instead of being used on the way up.
Reusing boosters can save expensive rocket parts, but landing requires fuel, and each booster needs careful checks afterward.