Tecnologías con consecuencias no deseadas

by Vocafy Verificado

Inglés (Estados Unidos) C1 10 preguntas Tecnología History & culture

Explora cómo las herramientas digitales de uso cotidiano pueden generar problemas inesperados, desde interrupciones de la atención hasta riesgos ocultos para la privacidad.

1. 1. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   ¿Qué se gana y qué se pierde con esta herramienta?

   A messaging app helps colleagues get quick answers. However, its constant alerts repeatedly interrupt work that requires sustained concentration.

   • Faster replies necessarily mean fewer interruptions.
   • Easier communication can come at the expense of focused attention.
   • Shorter conversations prevent notifications from becoming distracting.
   • Immediate contact removes the need for uninterrupted work.

   Considera la diferencia entre estar localizable y poder concentrarte.

   Show solution

   • Easier communication can come at the expense of focused attention.

   Una herramienta puede mejorar los intercambios individuales y, al mismo tiempo, hacer más difícil proteger períodos prolongados de concentración.

2. 2. Completa el espacio en blanco.

   ¿Qué protección falta en esta configuración?

   A cloud folder mirrors changes, including deletions, across every connected device. It keeps no earlier versions or separate copies, so synchronization here is not the same as ___.

   • automatic updating
   • cross-device access
   • a recoverable backup
   • replication of changes

   ¿Qué seguiría disponible después de una eliminación accidental?

   Show solution

   A cloud folder mirrors changes, including deletions, across every connected device. It keeps no earlier versions or separate copies, so synchronization here is not the same as a recoverable backup.

   La sincronización propaga los cambios; una copia de seguridad conserva una copia que puede restaurarse cuando esos cambios son un error.

3. 3. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   What opportunity does this personalization reduce?

   A video service recommends topics similar to those a viewer has already watched. Its full catalog stays unchanged, but the viewer's recommendation page gradually becomes less varied.

   • The opportunity to encounter unfamiliar topics
   • The opportunity to access videos remaining in the full catalog
   • The opportunity to receive recommendations related to previous viewing
   • The opportunity to see familiar topics on the recommendation page

   Distinguish what remains available from what is made visible.

   Show solution

   • The opportunity to encounter unfamiliar topics

   Personalization can narrow exposure without removing anything from the underlying collection.

4. 4. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   What has this measure of success overlooked?

   A navigation system directs drivers through residential streets to shorten their trips. Residents experience more traffic noise, but the system measures success only by drivers' travel times.

   • Moving cars off main roads necessarily reduces the number of cars.
   • Shorter trips benefit everyone along the recommended route.
   • Travel-time savings already account for residents' well-being.
   • A benefit for drivers can impose a cost on people outside the calculation.

   Whose experience is absent from the system's chosen metric?

   Show solution

   • A benefit for drivers can impose a cost on people outside the calculation.

   Optimization can shift costs onto people who do not use the tool and have no say in its decisions.

5. 5. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   ¿Qué supuesto de diseño crea la nueva barrera?

   A public office replaces telephone booking with an online-only appointment system. Booking becomes more convenient for connected residents, while people without internet access lose their previous route to the service.

   • Traveling to an office can take time.
   • Everyone who needs the service can get online.
   • Appointments need to be arranged in advance.
   • Some residents prefer booking outside office hours.

   ¿Qué capacidad se ha convertido en una condición de acceso?

   Show solution

   • Everyone who needs the service can get online.

   Un servicio puede volverse más fácil de usar para muchas personas y, al mismo tiempo, excluir a otras si sus nuevos requisitos se consideran universales.

6. 6. Completa el espacio en blanco.

   How does increased use change the overall outcome?

   A photo service compresses each image into a smaller file. Users respond by saving so many more images that total storage use rises. The expected overall savings are ___.

   • preserved by a decline in user activity
   • lost because each individual file becomes larger
   • outweighed by growth in the number of stored images
   • guaranteed by the smaller size of each file

   Consider both the resources needed per item and the total number of items.

   Show solution

   A photo service compresses each image into a smaller file. Users respond by saving so many more images that total storage use rises. The expected overall savings are outweighed by growth in the number of stored images.

   This is a rebound effect: efficiency makes greater use easier, and that extra use can outweigh the savings.

7. 7. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   ¿Qué debilidad en la protección de la privacidad revela esto?

   Names are removed from a location dataset. Nevertheless, a researcher identifies one person by matching their regular nighttime location with a publicly listed home address.

   • Location patterns can identify someone even when their name is absent.
   • Removing names prevents records from being linked to outside information.
   • A publicly listed address makes the resident's movements public information too.
   • Repeated location records reveal less than a single isolated location.

   Eliminar un identificador directo no elimina todas las conexiones posibles.

   Show solution

   • Location patterns can identify someone even when their name is absent.

   La privacidad depende en parte de qué información se puede vincular entre distintas fuentes, no solo de si se incluyen nombres.

8. 8. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   Which longer-term risk does this illustrate?

   A help desk automates routine requests. Staff increasingly accept the software's suggestions without exercising independent judgment. When an unusual case falls outside the tool's capabilities, they struggle to resolve it.

   • Successful automation ensures that exceptional cases stop occurring.
   • The staff's difficulty shows that routine requests have become more complex.
   • Independent judgment becomes unnecessary whenever routine work is automated.
   • Automating routine work can weaken the skills needed when automation falls short.

   Think about abilities that depend on regular practice.

   Show solution

   • Automating routine work can weaken the skills needed when automation falls short.

   Automation can reduce opportunities to maintain expertise, even while leaving people responsible for the hardest exceptions.

9. 9. Elige la respuesta correcta.

   ¿Qué comportamiento recompensa involuntariamente este sistema de clasificación?

   A platform promotes posts according to their comment counts. Heated disputes generate repeated replies, while calm, useful posts receive fewer. The ranking system does not measure usefulness or satisfaction.

   • Resolving disagreements with as few replies as possible
   • Provoking disputes that keep people replying
   • Providing useful information even when nobody responds
   • Helping users leave once their needs have been met

   ¿Qué produce la cantidad que el sistema recompensa?

   Show solution

   • Provoking disputes that keep people replying

   Una medida práctica de la interacción puede recompensar comportamientos que perjudican la calidad de la experiencia que se pretende mejorar.

10. 10. Elige la respuesta correcta.

    ¿Qué cambio aborda de manera más directa este problema de diseño?

    A sharing tool creates separate copies of posts. When an author corrects a factual error, those copies retain the outdated wording. People encountering a reshared copy have no indication that a correction exists.

    • Allow resharing only after a post has received many reactions.
    • Require users to add a personal comment whenever they reshare a post.
    • Link reshared copies to the source so later corrections appear on them.
    • Display the total number of reshares beside each separate copy.

    La conexión que falta es entre las copias distribuidas y los cambios posteriores en su fuente.

    Show solution

    • Link reshared copies to the source so later corrections appear on them.

    Facilitar la difusión de la información es solo la mitad del desafío; las correcciones también necesitan una forma de llegar al mismo público.