Actor / Source
Who or what starts the event?
अर्थ
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
इसे कैसे पहचानें
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
उदाहरण
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
the teacher explains|the wind opens
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
भाषा व्यू
आपकी भाषा में
Actors usually come before the object; perfective transitive clauses often mark the actor with ने.
राम ने किताब पढ़ी।
Ram ERG book read.
सीखी जा रही भाषा में
Actors are often nominative and reflected in verb agreement; explicit subjects can be omitted when the verb is enough.
كتب الطالب الدرس.
The student wrote the lesson.
Learners may rely only on word order and miss agreement or nominative marking.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.