Target / Affected One
Object
Patient
Theme
Direct object
Who or what is affected by the event?
core
basic
Scene core
Znaczenie
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
Przykłady
Słowa
apple|door|letter|problem|him|Mary
Zwroty
eat an apple|open the door|solve the problem
Zdanie
The girl opened the door.
Visual guide
Basic shape
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
Compare shape
Target clues may differ order: girl opened [door] case: [door-ACC] marker: OBJ-[door] clitic: opened-[it] agreement: verb -> door context: door understood role = affected one
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polish (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Targets are often marked by accusative; negation and animacy can change the form.
Widzę Annę.
I-see Anna.
W języku docelowym
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
Targets are commonly accusative in formal MSA and can also appear as attached object pronouns.
قرأَت الطالبةُ الكتابَ.
The student read the book.
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may miss accusative endings or attach object pronouns incorrectly.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.