Who feels, perceives or knows
Who feels, notices, or knows it?
Znaczenie
Someone can feel, perceive, want, or know something without carrying out an action. This participant is the one who has the feeling, perception, desire, or knowledge. Languages may make this person the subject, mark them like a recipient or object, or use no special marker for the role. Unlike Doer or cause, this person need not choose or control what happens.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask who has the feeling, perception, desire, or knowledge, even if something else is the subject.
W języku nauki
The person who feels, perceives, or knows something is often the English subject, before the verb. With verbs such as bother or surprise, that person can instead be the object, after the verb. The verb and its usual partners determine the pattern.
I like this song.
The person who likes the song is the subject.
Anna knows the answer.
The noise bothers him.
The person who feels bothered is the object, not the subject.
Learners whose language names the person in a recipient-like phrase may reverse the roles when using verbs such as like. Learners whose language expresses bodily feelings through different patterns may translate those patterns word for word instead of using phrases such as My head hurts.