A07
extended
Scene core
Participant roles
Instrument / Mediator
With what or through what does it happen?
intermediate
Instrumental
Instrument
Means
Znaczenie
The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask what tool or channel makes the action possible.
Przykłady
Słowa
knife|phone|car|email|hand
Zwroty
with a knife|by email|through the app
Zdanie
He cut the bread with a knife.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Actor │ uses ▼ Instrument / mediator │ makes possible ▼ Action He cut bread with a knife.
Compare shape
Same role, different shapes: with a knife (preposition) knife-CASE (case ending) by email (medium) through the app (channel) hand + cut (bare/compound) Ask: with/through what?
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polski
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Tools and means are often expressed with instrumental case.
Kroję chleb nożem.
I-cut bread knife-INSTR.
W języku nauki
Angielski
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
English usually expresses instruments with prepositions, especially with.
She cut the bread with a knife.
with a knife = instrument
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may choose the wrong preposition or omit the instrument marker.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.