Instrument / Mediator
Instrumental
Instrument
Means
With what or through what does it happen?
extended
intermediate
Scene core
Znaczenie
The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask what tool or channel makes the action possible.
Przykłady
Słowa
knife|phone|car|email|hand
Zwroty
with a knife|by email|through the app
Zdanie
He cut the bread with a knife.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Actor │ uses ▼ Instrument / mediator │ makes possible ▼ Action He cut bread with a knife.
Compare shape
Same role, different shapes: with a knife (preposition) knife-CASE (case ending) by email (medium) through the app (channel) hand + cut (bare/compound) Ask: with/through what?
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polish (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Tools and means are often expressed with instrumental case.
Kroję chleb nożem.
I-cut bread knife-INSTR.
W języku docelowym
Japanese
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
Instruments and means are commonly marked by で.
ナイフでパンを切った。
I cut bread with a knife.
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may confuse で as instrument marker with で as location of action.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.