A10
core
Scene core
Events
Identity / Classification
What is it? Who is who?
basic
Copular clause
Predicate nominal
Classification
Znaczenie
A relation that identifies, names, classifies, or equates one participant with another role, class, or label.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask whether the sentence says that X is Y or belongs to a class.
Przykłady
Słowa
doctor|teacher|friend|problem
Zwroty
my brother is a doctor|this is a mistake
Zdanie
She is a doctor.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Identity/class frame: X = Y She = a doctor person = class/role Meaning: X belongs to Y
Compare shape
Same link, different marking: [She] [is] [a doctor] [She] [doctor] zero BE [She] [doctor-CASE] Marking changes; X = Y stays.
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polski
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Identity often uses być plus instrumental; to jest frames may use nominative.
Ona jest lekarką.
She is doctor-INSTR.
W języku nauki
Angielski
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
English identity and classification commonly use 'be', often with an article before singular count nouns.
She is a doctor.
is a doctor = classification
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may say 'She doctor' or omit the article in 'She is a doctor'.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.