A07
extended
Scene core
Participant roles
Instrument / Mediator
With what or through what does it happen?
intermediate
Instrumental
Instrument
Means
Ý nghĩa
The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.
Cách nhận biết
Ask what tool or channel makes the action possible.
Ví dụ
Từ
knife|phone|car|email|hand
Cụm từ
with a knife|by email|through the app
Câu
He cut the bread with a knife.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Actor │ uses ▼ Instrument / mediator │ makes possible ▼ Action He cut bread with a knife.
Compare shape
Same role, different shapes: with a knife (preposition) knife-CASE (case ending) by email (medium) through the app (channel) hand + cut (bare/compound) Ask: with/through what?
Góc nhìn theo ngôn ngữ
Trong ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ của Bạn
Việt
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Tầm quan trọng
Means or instrument is commonly marked with bằng; route/medium may use qua or bằng.
Tôi viết bằng bút.
I write by pen
Trong ngôn ngữ Bạn đang học
Anh
Mức độ thể hiện
strong
Độ khó
English usually expresses instruments with prepositions, especially with.
She cut the bread with a knife.
with a knife = instrument
Vấn đề thường gặp của người học
Learners may choose the wrong preposition or omit the instrument marker.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.