D03
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Recipient Link
To whom does it go or for whom is it intended?
intermediate
Dative
Indirect object
Benefactive
含义
The grammatical link that connects an event or object to a recipient, addressee, or beneficiary.
如何识别
Look for the person who receives, hears, gets, or benefits.
示例
单词
to me|for you|her|the customer
短语
give it to me|tell Anna|cook for us
句子
I sent her a message.
Visual guide
Basic shape
EVENT + THING → RECIPIENT send + message → her "I sent her a message." Recipient gets/hears/benefits Ask: to whom? for whom?
Compare shape
Recipient shapes: Preposition: give it to me Bare object: tell Anna Dative case: Anna-DAT tell Benefactive: cook for us Same link: target person
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
中文
显性程度
strong
重要程度
Recipient links are frequently marked with 给 gěi or built into verb patterns.
我给朋友发信息。
wǒ gěi péngyou fā xìnxī = I to friend send message
在所学语言中
英语
显性程度
strong
学习难度
英语用 to/for 或双宾语结构（如 give me a book）表示接收者或受益者；to 常指东西的去向，for 常指为某人做或准备。
She sent a message to me.
to me 表示接收者：She 是发送者，a message 是被发送的东西，me 是接收者。
常见易错点
学习者可能混淆 to 和 for，或在 give、send、buy 等动词后把两个宾语的顺序放错。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.