Target / Affected One
Who or what is affected by the event?
含义
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
如何识别
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
示例
apple|door|letter|problem|him|Mary
eat an apple|open the door|solve the problem
The girl opened the door.
Visual guide
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
Target clues may differ order: girl opened [door] case: [door-ACC] marker: OBJ-[door] clitic: opened-[it] agreement: verb -> door context: door understood role = affected one
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
The affected target usually follows the verb, but Mandarin also uses 把 bǎ to bring a handled object before the verb and 被 bèi for passive-like affectedness.
狗咬了那个人。
gǒu yǎo le nà ge rén = the dog bit that person
在所学语言中
英语通常靠动词后的位置来标出受影响对象；代词仍能看出宾格，如 him、her。
The dog bit the man.
the man = 受影响的目标（被狗咬的人）
学习者可能因为改变词序而把行动者和受影响对象颠倒，或在及物动词后不必要地加介词。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.