Required Companion / Valency
What companion does this word require?
含义
The required or typical partners of a verb, adjective, noun, or expression: object, preposition, case, clause, infinitive, or complement.
如何识别
Ask what the word needs after or around it to be complete and natural.
示例
depend on|listen to|ask for|interested in
wait for someone|good at something|help someone do
She depends on her friends.
Visual guide
some words open slots depend → on + someone listen → to + someone slot filled = natural She depends on her friends.
COMPARE SLOTS English: depend + on + someone Other: depend + case/object Companion type may be: preposition | case object | clause infinitive
语言视角
在母语中
Mandarin verbs often require or prefer specific companions: objects, complements, coverb phrases, result/directional complements, or serial-verb patterns.
我帮他找工作。
wǒ bāng tā zhǎo gōngzuò = I help him find job
在目标语言中
Many Arabic words require specific complements, prepositions, cases or clause types.
انتظرتُ الحافلةَ.
I waited the bus.
Learners may choose the wrong preposition after verbs or adjectives.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.