F07
extended
Information structure
Hidden elements
Hidden / Omitted Element
What is not said but understood?
intermediate
Ellipsis
Zero subject
Pro-drop
Implicit argument
含义
A participant, verb, object, pronoun, connector, or meaning that is left unsaid because context or grammar supplies it.
如何识别
Ask what the listener understands even though it is not spoken.
示例
单词
understood subject|missing verb|omitted object
短语
Want some?|See you later|Coming?
句子
Coming with us?
Visual guide
Basic shape
Spoken: Coming with us? Understood: [Are you] coming with us? Hidden element: subject + helper supplied by context
Compare shape
Silent slots vary: Subject: [you] coming? Helper: [do you] want some? Copula: price [is] high Object: I know [it] Some languages allow Ø; others must say it.
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
中文
显性程度
strong
重要程度
Mandarin frequently omits recoverable subjects, objects, and some linking elements; context does a lot of work.
吃饭了吗？
chīfàn le ma = eaten meal LE MA?
在所学语言中
英语
显性程度
strong
学习难度
英语在对话、并列结构和简短回答中，常省略上下文已经能推出来的词。
I can come if you can.
第二个 can 后面省略了 come；意思是“如果你也能来”。
常见易错点
学习者可能省略过多，导致句子不清楚；也可能把所有词都重复出来，听起来不自然。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.