It Could Have Been Avoided

by Vocafy Ellenőrzött

Angol (US) B2 12 kérdés Nyelvtan Work & money

Fedezd fel, hogyan írják le az incidensjelentések a múltbeli elszalasztott lehetőségeket, a szükséges intézkedéseket és a lehetséges okokat.

1. 1. Töltsd ki az üres helyet.

   The floor was wet, but nobody put up a warning sign. The fall could have ___ prevented.

   • being
   • been
   • be
   • was

   Múltbeli eseményről van szó, és az esés a cselekvés elszenvedője.

   Show solution

   The floor was wet, but nobody put up a warning sign. The fall could have been prevented.

   A módbeli segédige utáni múlt idejű szenvedő szerkezetben a “have been” kifejezést az ige harmadik alakja követi. A hangsúly az esésen van, nem azon, hogy ki akadályozta meg.

2. 2. Töltsd ki az üres helyet.

   During the storm, the window may have been ___ by a falling branch.

   • broke
   • breaking
   • break
   • broken

   A “been” utáni igealaknak az ige harmadik alakjának kell lennie.

   Show solution

   During the storm, the window may have been broken by a falling branch.

   A “break” ige harmadik alakja “broken”. A “Broke” az egyszerű múlt idejű alak.

3. 3. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

   Mit mond a jelentés a vészkijáratról?

   The fire exit ought to have been kept clear, but boxes were left in front of it.

   • The staff failed to keep it clear when they were expected to.
   • The staff kept it clear, as they were expected to.
   • The writer is unsure whether the staff kept it clear.
   • Keeping it clear became necessary only after the incident.

   Hasonlítsd össze az elvárt biztonsági követelményt azzal, ami ténylegesen történt.

   Show solution

   • The staff failed to keep it clear when they were expected to.

   Az “Ought to have been” egy múltbeli, nem teljesített kötelezettségre utal. Egy eltorlaszolt kijárat lelassíthatja a kiürítést.

4. 4. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

   Mit jelent az utolsó mondat?

   The alarm was working. The staff had time to act, but they did nothing. The damage could have been limited.

   • The damage was definitely reduced.
   • There was no opportunity to reduce the damage.
   • There was an opportunity to reduce the damage, but it was not taken.
   • The report is uncertain whether the staff acted to reduce the damage.

   A személyzetnek működő riasztója is volt, és ideje is volt reagálni.

   Show solution

   • There was an opportunity to reduce the damage, but it was not taken.

   Itt a “could have been” egy ki nem használt lehetőséget ír le. Nem állítja, hogy a kárt ténylegesen csökkentették.

5. 5. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

   Milyen értékítéletet fogalmaz meg a jelentés?

   After the leak, the report noted: “The password shouldn't have been shared in the group chat.”

   • Sharing the password was unavoidable.
   • Sharing the password was a mistake.
   • The password was never shared.
   • Sharing the password is recommended for next time.

   A szerző egy cselekedetet ítél meg, nem azt tagadja, hogy megtörtént.

   Show solution

   • Sharing the password was a mistake.

   A “Shouldn't have been shared” egy múltbeli cselekedetet bírál. Ez különbözik a “wasn't shared” kifejezéstől, amely azt állítja, hogy a cselekedet nem történt meg.

6. 6. Töltsd ki az üres helyet.

   The writer draws a firm conclusion about a past action, not an obligation or a possibility.

   The sealed box was in the storeroom yesterday, but it is on a desk today. It ___ moved overnight.

   • might have been
   • should have been
   • couldn't have been
   • must have been

   The change in location provides evidence that an action occurred.

   Show solution

   The sealed box was in the storeroom yesterday, but it is on a desk today. It must have been moved overnight.

   Here, “must have been” expresses a strong conclusion from evidence. It does not express an obligation.

7. 7. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

   Mennyire biztos a szerző abban, hogy az ajtót nyitva hagyták?

   The warehouse door may have been left open overnight. No one has confirmed this yet.

   • It is a possibility, not a confirmed fact.
   • It is a conclusion the writer considers certain.
   • It is something the writer believes was necessary.
   • It is something the writer says could not have happened.

   Figyeld meg, hogy a szerző még mindig megerősítésre vár.

   Show solution

   • It is a possibility, not a confirmed fact.

   A “May have been” egy lehetséges múltbeli eseményt fejez ki. Nem azt jelenti, hogy megengedett volt nyitva hagyni az ajtót.

8. 8. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

   What does the report claim about the canceled inspection?

   The inspection was canceled, and the loose railing went unnoticed. If the inspection had gone ahead, the fault would have been discovered.

   • The inspection actually led to the discovery of the fault.
   • The inspection could not have revealed the fault.
   • The inspection would definitely have revealed the fault.
   • The inspection would have offered only a chance of finding the fault.

   The sentence presents a result under a condition that did not happen.

   Show solution

   • The inspection would definitely have revealed the fault.

   “Would have been” presents the result of an unreal past condition. “Could have been” would express only a possible result.

9. 9. Töltsd ki az üres helyet.

   The report describes a completed repair as unnecessary.

   A technician replaced the whole lock, although tightening one loose screw would have been enough. The lock ___ replaced.

   • should have been
   • didn't need to be
   • couldn't have been
   • must have been

   An action can happen without being necessary.

   Show solution

   A technician replaced the whole lock, although tightening one loose screw would have been enough. The lock didn't need to be replaced.

   “Didn't need to be replaced” means the replacement was unnecessary. A smaller repair would have been enough.

10. 10. Töltsd ki az üres helyet.

    The report rules out delivery as the cause of the crack.

    Photos show that the screen was already cracked before shipping. The crack ___ caused during delivery.

    • must have been
    • might have been
    • should have been
    • couldn't have been

    Focus on when the crack appeared.

    Show solution

    Photos show that the screen was already cracked before shipping. The crack couldn't have been caused during delivery.

    “Couldn't have been” rejects a past possibility based on clear evidence.

11. 11. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

    What is still uncertain?

    The warning email may not have been delivered. We are still checking the server records.

    • Whether the staff was allowed to send the email.
    • Whether the staff was required to send the email.
    • Whether the email reached its destination.
    • Whether the staff will be able to send the email tomorrow.

    The server records could confirm whether the email arrived.

    Show solution

    • Whether the email reached its destination.

    “May not have been delivered” means it is possible that the email did not arrive. It does not express a ban on sending the email.

12. 12. Válaszd ki a helyes választ.

    What does “should have been saved” express here?

    The backup system ran automatically last night, so the files should have been saved, but we have not checked them yet.

    • An expected result that has not yet been confirmed.
    • Criticism of someone who failed to save the files.
    • Certainty that saving the files was impossible.
    • A suggestion to save the files in the future.

    The system ran, but nobody has verified its result.

    Show solution

    • An expected result that has not yet been confirmed.

    “Should have been” can express an expected past result, not just criticism. “We have not checked” leaves the actual result open.