Evidence / Source Signal
Evidentiality
Reportative
Inferential
Quotative
How does the speaker know?
advanced
advanced
Speaker stance
Significato
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
Come riconoscerlo
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
Esempi
Parole
apparently|I heard|it seems|they say
Frasi brevi
I heard that|apparently true|it looks like
Frase
Apparently, the train is late.
Visual guide
Basic shape
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.
Compare shape
Evidence choices: seen -> direct I heard -> heard they say -> reported it seems -> inferred apparently -> indirect
Panoramica per lingua
Nella tua lingua
Italian (standard)
Presenza
contextual
Importanza
Italian has evidential-like phrases but no obligatory evidential grammar.
A quanto pare, il treno è in ritardo.
Apparently, the train is late.
Nella lingua che studi
Japanese
Presenza
medium
Difficoltà
Japanese has useful hearsay and inference markers, though not a mandatory evidential system.
電車が遅れているそうです。
I hear that the train is late.
Difficoltà tipica di chi impara
Learners may confuse そうだ for hearsay with そうだ for appearance.
New in your learning language
This block is more central in your learning language. Give it extra focus in examples and practice.