Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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advanced
Information structure
Significato
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Come riconoscerlo
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Esempi
Parole
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Frasi brevi
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Frase
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Panoramica per lingua
Nella tua lingua
Italian (standard)
Presenza
strong
Importanza
Reported speech uses reporting verbs, pronoun shifts, and tense sequence.
Ha detto che era stanca.
She said that she was tired.
Nella lingua che studi
Japanese
Presenza
strong
Difficoltà
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Difficoltà tipica di chi impara
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.