Instrument Link
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
With what means?
extended
intermediate
Relations
Znaczenie
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
Jak to rozpoznać
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
Przykłady
Słowa
with|by|using|through
Zwroty
with a key|by bus|using the app
Zdanie
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polish (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Means and instruments are commonly marked by instrumental case.
Piszę długopisem.
I-write pen-INSTR.
W języku docelowym
Vietnamese (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
Instrument and medium use bằng, qua, thông qua, qua điện thoại and related phrases.
Chúng tôi nói chuyện qua điện thoại.
we talk through telephone
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may choose bằng for every instrument/medium relation.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.