Pointing Signal
Demonstrative
Deixis
Deictic adverb
Are we pointing to this, that, here, or there?
core
basic
Information structure
Znaczenie
A signal that locates something relative to speaker, listener, place, time, discourse, or attention.
Jak to rozpoznać
Look for this/that/here/there/now/then type pointing words.
Przykłady
Słowa
this|that|these|those|here|there|now|then
Zwroty
this book|that one|over here|at that time
Zdanie
This is my favorite place.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Pointing from here/now speaker center: here, now near speaker: this away: that, there other time: then Use: this book, over here
Compare shape
Comparison shape 2-way: this = near that = away 3-way: near speaker near listener far from both Also: here/there, now/then
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Polish (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Znaczenie
Pointers like ten/ta/to and tutaj/tam depend on gender, case and distance.
Ta książka jest tutaj.
This book is here.
W języku docelowym
Hindi (standard)
Występowanie
strong
Trudność
Pointing uses यह/वह, इस/उस, यहाँ/वहाँ and related proximal/distal forms.
यह मेरा घर है।
This my house is.
Typowa trudność uczących się
Learners may confuse direct and oblique demonstrative forms.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.