Sons do AFI
Explora e ouve os sons do AFI por idioma.
Consoantes
Raise the front part of the tongue close to the area just behind the upper gum ridge. Leave a narrow gap so the air creates a soft friction noise. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not move the tongue too far forward, because the sound may become too sharp.
Open the mouth for the following vowel and let air pass through the open glottis in the throat. The sound is made mainly by breath, with no tongue blockage and no vocal cord vibration.
Do not close the throat into a hard stop.
Raise the middle of the tongue close to the hard palate while keeping the passage open. Let the vocal cords vibrate and let the sound glide smoothly into the next vowel.
Do not create strong friction or a full stop with the tongue.
Raise the back of the tongue toward the soft palate. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Touch the center of the tongue to the contact point and let air flow around one or both sides. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not block both sides of the tongue, because the air needs a side path.
Bring both lips together or very close together. Block the airflow in the mouth and let the air escape through the nose. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not block the nose, the air must be able to pass through it.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Block the airflow in the mouth and let the air escape through the nose. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not block the nose, the air must be able to pass through it.
Bring both lips together or very close together. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Leave a narrow gap and push air through it to create friction. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not close the passage completely, because the sound needs friction.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Round the lips and raise the back of the tongue toward the soft palate while keeping the passage open. Let the vocal cords vibrate and glide smoothly into the next vowel.
Do not make it a full vowel or add strong lip friction.
Raise the back of the tongue to the soft palate and close the mouth passage. Let the vocal cords vibrate and let the air escape through the nose.
Do not release it like a plosive, keep the air flowing through the nose.
Bring both lips together or very close together. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Place the tongue tip or blade at the gum ridge just behind the upper teeth. Leave a narrow gap and push air through it to create friction. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not close the passage completely, because the sound needs friction.
Raise the back of the tongue toward the soft palate. Block the airflow completely, then release it with a small burst. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not let air leak through before the release.
Raise the front part of the tongue close to the area just behind the upper gum ridge. Leave a narrow gap so the air creates friction, and let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not make it voiceless, and do not turn the friction into a full stop.
Bring the lower lip close to the upper teeth. Leave a narrow gap and push air through it to create friction. Keep the vocal cords still.
Do not close the passage completely, because the sound needs friction.
Bring the lower lip close to the upper teeth. Leave a narrow gap and push air through it to create friction. Let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not close the passage completely, because the sound needs friction.
Place the tongue tip close to the upper teeth or lightly between the teeth. Let air pass through a narrow gap to create friction while the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not make it voiceless, and do not fully block the airflow.
Place the tongue tip close to the upper teeth or lightly between the teeth. Let air pass through a narrow gap to create friction, with no vocal cord vibration.
Do not turn it into a stop by fully blocking the airflow.
Raise the tongue tip or front of the tongue toward the area behind the upper gum ridge without touching it completely. Keep the airflow open and let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not tap or trill the tongue unless the target language requires it.
Begin with the tongue blade making a complete closure at the postalveolar area just behind the alveolar ridge. Keep the vocal folds vibrating, then release the closure slowly into a narrow grooved passage so the sound continues as voiced friction before opening into the next sound.
Do not make only a plain stop or only a fricative. Avoid separating the stop and fricative parts with a vowel, and avoid devoicing the release.
Make a voiceless affricate by placing the tongue blade against the alveolar ridge or just behind it to form a complete closure. Build a little air pressure, then release the closure into a narrow grooved constriction slightly farther back, producing a short burst followed immediately by friction. Keep the vocal folds apart and the velum raised so the air exits through the mouth.
Avoid adding vocal fold vibration, separating the stop and fricative with a pause, or making it only a plain stop or only a sustained fricative. Keep the stop closure brief and release it directly into the noisy constricted phase.
Vogais
Make a voiced vowel. Raise the tongue high and forward, keep the jaw only slightly open, and keep the lips relaxed and unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Raise the back of the tongue high toward the soft palate and round the lips. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not leave the lips flat.
Make a voiced vowel. Place the tongue low and forward, open the jaw widely, and keep the lips unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Place the tongue back and somewhat low, open the jaw moderately, and round the lips. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not leave the lips flat.
Make a voiced vowel. Keep the tongue high and toward the back, but slightly lower and more relaxed than for a fully close back vowel. Round the lips gently. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not leave the lips flat.
Make a voiced vowel. Keep the tongue high and forward, but a little lower and more relaxed than for a fully close front vowel. Keep the lips unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Keep the tongue relaxed near the center of the mouth, with a medium jaw opening and neutral, unrounded lips. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Open the mouth widely and pull the tongue low and toward the back of the mouth. Keep the lips unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Place the tongue forward and somewhat low, with the jaw more open than for a close-mid front vowel. Keep the lips unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make a voiced vowel. Keep the tongue in the back half of the mouth at a low-to-mid height. Open the jaw moderately and keep the lips unrounded. Keep the airflow open through the mouth, with no tongue blockage or friction.
Do not round the lips.
Make this as a smooth vowel movement. Start from an open central unrounded position, then glide toward a slightly relaxed high front unrounded position. Keep the airflow open, with no tongue blockage or friction, and let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not break the movement into two separate syllables unless the target language specifically requires that.
Make this as a smooth vowel movement. Start from an open central unrounded position, then glide toward a high back rounded position. Keep the airflow open, with no tongue blockage or friction, and let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not break the movement into two separate syllables unless the target language specifically requires that.
Make this as a smooth vowel movement. Start from an open-mid back rounded position, then glide toward a slightly relaxed high front unrounded position. Keep the airflow open, with no tongue blockage or friction, and let the vocal cords vibrate.
Do not break the movement into two separate syllables unless the target language specifically requires that.
Start with a close-mid front unrounded vowel, with the jaw moderately open and the tongue body raised toward the front of the mouth. Glide smoothly upward and slightly closer toward a near-close front unrounded position, keeping the lips unrounded, the airflow oral, and the movement continuous.
Do not round the lips, centralize or back the tongue, make two separate vowel beats, insert a consonant between the parts, or let air pass through the nose.
Begin with a close-mid back rounded vowel, with the jaw moderately open and the tongue raised toward the back of the mouth. Glide smoothly upward toward a near-close near-back rounded position, keeping the airflow oral and the lips rounded throughout.
Avoid making two separate syllables, flattening the lips, fronting the tongue strongly, or ending with a tight consonant-like constriction.
Produce a relaxed mid central vowel with the jaw moderately open, the tongue body near the center of the mouth, and the lips neutral and unrounded. Add rhotic coloring by either curling or raising the tongue tip toward the roof of the mouth, or by bunching the tongue body upward and slightly back, without touching firmly or creating friction. Keep voicing steady throughout.
Avoid making a separate consonant before or after the vowel, and avoid any firm closure, tap, trill, or strong friction. Do not round the lips or nasalize the sound, and keep the vowel centered rather than very front, back, high, or low.
Produce a mid central vowel with the jaw moderately open and the lips relaxed and unrounded. Keep the tongue body near the center of the mouth at mid height, then add rhotic coloring by slightly curling the tongue tip upward and back or by bunching the tongue body upward and back, while maintaining a smooth voiced vowel quality.
Avoid rounding the lips, lowering the jaw too much, or moving the tongue strongly toward the front or back. Do not make a plain central vowel followed by a separate consonant-like constriction, and do not let the rhotic coloring disappear.