Imagined situations
Are we talking about a fact or something we imagine?
Significado
We can talk about a situation as something we imagine rather than as a fact. This lets us explore possibilities, picture a different past, or express a wish. Languages may use special verb forms, helper words, or context; some have no separate form for imagined situations. Condition makes one situation depend on another, while Imagined situations concerns whether we present something as imagined, with or without a condition.
Como identificar
Look for forms, words, or context that present a situation as imagined, wished for, or different from what actually happened.
Na tua língua materna
Imagined situations often use the imperfect subjunctive (imperfeito do subjuntivo), with forms such as tivesse and fosse that present something as imagined rather than asserted as fact. Imagined outcomes often use the conditional (futuro do pretérito), such as faria, though everyday speech also uses past forms such as fazia. A different past can be imagined with tivesse plus a form such as saído, while tomara que with the subjunctive expresses a wish.
Com mais tempo, eu faria o almoço em casa.
Faria presents an imagined action without a se clause.
Se a gente tivesse saído mais cedo, teria pegado o ônibus.
The two verb phrases imagine a different past.
Tomara que faça sol no fim de semana.
Tomara que introduces a wish, and faça is in the subjunctive.
Na tua língua de aprendizagem
English often uses past forms to describe an imagined present or future, not just past time. Would, could, or might can show the imagined result of a condition. To imagine a different past, English commonly uses if with had and the past participle, the verb's third form such as gone, and would have with that form for the result.
If I lived closer, I would walk to work.
Lived is a past form, but it describes an imagined present situation.
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the bus.
The speaker imagines a different past: they did not leave early enough to catch the bus.
I wish I had a bigger kitchen.
Had describes a wish about the present, not something the speaker had in the past.
Learners whose language uses a conditional verb form in both parts may put would in an ordinary imagined if-condition. Learners whose language does not use past forms for imagined present situations may read every past form as referring to past time.