Required Companion / Valency
What companion does this word require?
Znaczenie
The required or typical partners of a verb, adjective, noun, or expression: object, preposition, case, clause, infinitive, or complement.
Jak to rozpoznać
Ask what the word needs after or around it to be complete and natural.
Przykłady
depend on|listen to|ask for|interested in
wait for someone|good at something|help someone do
She depends on her friends.
Visual guide
some words open slots depend → on + someone listen → to + someone slot filled = natural She depends on her friends.
COMPARE SLOTS English: depend + on + someone Other: depend + case/object Companion type may be: preposition | case object | clause infinitive
Widok językowy
W języku ojczystym
Valency is crucial: verbs select cases, prepositions and complements.
Czekam na autobus.
I-wait for bus-ACC.
W języku nauki
English verbs, adjectives, and nouns often require specific companions such as objects, prepositions, or infinitives.
depend on someone
on = required companion
Learners often choose the wrong preposition or verb pattern after common words.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.