A01
core
Scene core
Participants
Thing / Participant
Who or what are we talking about?
basic
Noun
Noun phrase
Pronoun
含义
Any person, object, animal, place, idea, event, or phenomenon that can take part in a thought.
如何识别
Find the named or replaced things in a sentence.
示例
单词
boy|apple|dog|city|idea|he|this
短语
the red apple|an old house|this book
句子
The boy sees the dog.
Visual guide
Basic shape
THING / PARTICIPANT = who/what in the scene [The boy] sees [the dog]. person animal Can be: boy, apple, city, idea, he, this
Compare shape
[dog] = participant Languages may mark it: article: the dog / dog number: dog / dogs gender/classifier: forms vary case: dog-SUBJ / dog-OBJ word order: place shows role
语言视角
用母语深入讲解
中文
显性程度
strong
重要程度
Mandarin participants are expressed with nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, or are omitted when context makes them clear. Classifiers become important when participants are counted or specified.
小狗在睡觉。
xiǎo gǒu zài shuìjiào = the small dog is sleeping
在所学语言中
英语
显性程度
strong
学习难度
英语中，参与者通常用名词短语或代词表示；名词常需要冠词（a/the）和单复数标记。
The small dog is sleeping.
the small dog = 参与者（我们说到的那只小狗）
常见易错点
学习者可能在单数可数名词前漏掉冠词，或在指代不清时过度使用代词。
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.