D04
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Instrument Link
With what means?
intermediate
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
意味
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
見分け方
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
例
単語
with|by|using|through
フレーズ
with a key|by bus|using the app
文
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
言語別ビュー
母語の仕組み
日本語
表れ方
strong
重要度
Instrument links are usually marked by で.
鍵でドアを開けた。
I opened the door with a key.
学習言語では
英語
表れ方
strong
難易度
English typically marks instruments with with, by, or using.
He opened it with a key.
with a key = instrument link
よくあるつまずき
Learners may confuse with and by, especially in passive-like contexts.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.