Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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advanced
Information structure
Значение
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Как распознать
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Примеры
Слова
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Фразы
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Предложение
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Разбор по языкам
В вашем языке
Russian
Выраженность
strong
Важность
Reported speech uses reporting verbs and does not mirror English tense-shift rules exactly.
Он сказал, что придёт.
He said that he will come.
В изучаемом языке
Japanese
Выраженность
strong
Сложность
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Типичная трудность
Learners may omit と or mishandle tense and politeness inside quoted content.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.