Quoted / Reported Speech
Who said or thought it?
Значение
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Как распознать
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Примеры
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
he said that|she asked if|according to him
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Разбор по языкам
В родном языке
Reported speech uses reporting verbs and does not mirror English tense-shift rules exactly.
Он сказал, что придёт.
He said that he will come.
На изучаемом языке
В английском прямая речь и пересказ различаются с помощью глаголов said, told, asked, изменений местоимений и времени, часто сдвига времени назад, а на письме ещё и пунктуации.
She said that she was tired.
that she was tired — переданное высказывание: сообщается, что она была уставшей.
Учащимся часто трудно менять время, местоимения и слова времени при пересказе, а также правильно оформлять кавычки и знаки препинания.
Good transfer potential
This block behaves relatively similarly, so you can transfer intuition more safely between the two languages.