Actor / Source
Subject
Agent
Causer
Who or what starts the event?
core
basic
Scene core
Значение
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
Как распознать
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
Примеры
Слова
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
Фразы
the teacher explains|the wind opens
Предложение
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
Basic shape
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Compare shape
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
Разбор по языкам
В вашем языке
Russian
Выраженность
strong
Важность
The actor is usually nominative and the verb often agrees with it.
Собака укусила почтальона.
The dog bit the postman.
В изучаемом языке
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Выраженность
strong
Сложность
Actors are often nominative and reflected in verb agreement; explicit subjects can be omitted when the verb is enough.
كتب الطالب الدرس.
The student wrote the lesson.
Типичная трудность
Learners may rely only on word order and miss agreement or nominative marking.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.