F07
extended
Information structure
Hidden elements
Hidden / Omitted Element
What is not said but understood?
intermediate
Ellipsis
Zero subject
Pro-drop
Implicit argument
意味
A participant, verb, object, pronoun, connector, or meaning that is left unsaid because context or grammar supplies it.
見分け方
Ask what the listener understands even though it is not spoken.
例
単語
understood subject|missing verb|omitted object
フレーズ
Want some?|See you later|Coming?
文
Coming with us?
Visual guide
Basic shape
Spoken: Coming with us? Understood: [Are you] coming with us? Hidden element: subject + helper supplied by context
Compare shape
Silent slots vary: Subject: [you] coming? Helper: [do you] want some? Copula: price [is] high Object: I know [it] Some languages allow Ø; others must say it.
言語別ビュー
母語の仕組み
日本語
表れ方
strong
重要度
Japanese frequently omits subjects, objects and other recoverable elements.
一緒に来る？
Coming together?
学習言語では
英語
表れ方
strong
難易度
English often omits recoverable words in conversation, coordination, and short answers.
I can come if you can.
second can = hidden verb phrase
よくあるつまずき
Learners may either omit too much or repeat everything unnaturally.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.