Target / Affected One
Object
Patient
Theme
Direct object
Who or what is affected by the event?
core
basic
Scene core
意味
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
見分け方
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
例
単語
apple|door|letter|problem|him|Mary
フレーズ
eat an apple|open the door|solve the problem
文
The girl opened the door.
Visual guide
Basic shape
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
Compare shape
Target clues may differ order: girl opened [door] case: [door-ACC] marker: OBJ-[door] clitic: opened-[it] agreement: verb -> door context: door understood role = affected one
言語別ビュー
母語では
Japanese
表れ方
strong
重要度
The affected target is commonly marked by を, but can be omitted when understood.
本を読んだ。
I read a book.
学習中の言語では
Arabic (Modern Standard)
表れ方
strong
難易度
Targets are commonly accusative in formal MSA and can also appear as attached object pronouns.
قرأَت الطالبةُ الكتابَ.
The student read the book.
よくあるつまずき
Learners may miss accusative endings or attach object pronouns incorrectly.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.